The Impact Of Fast-Food Chain Business Assignment Sample

Introduction Of The Impact Of Fast-Food Chain Business

Over recent decades, the widespread reach of fast-food chains has established a significant presence within the UK economy. Their expansive operations across the country captivates multitudes of patrons; consequently, these corporations forge new employment opportunities, generate revenue and subsequently boost economic growth in the nation as a whole. Nonetheless, scholars and politicians remain divided regarding whether or not restaurants like these have desirable effects on society.

Predominantly, to customers based in the United Kingdom, the appeal of fast food lies in their dishes' affordability and convenience - factors which increase its almost universal popularity among diners. The past few years have seen a steady rise in the market, attracting numerous local and international players onto the scene. Statista's latest report states that the monetary worth of this competitive industry for the fiscal year of 2020 stands approximately £23.9 billion and is projected to soar even higher over time (Statista, 2021).

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Industry background

Ascertaining the beginnings of the industry, one must travel back to the late 1800s when Joseph Malin commences with the inaugural 'Fish & Chips' restaurant situated in London, UK (Castelow, 2015).

Along came 1954, at which point the stateside chain 'Wimpy' bounds onto the British market and establishes it as the foremost casual dining experience with a total of 67 stores throughout the region (Wimpy, UK). By the beginning of the 1980s, fast food was thriving in Britain, leading to the emergence of both franchised restaurants and autonomous eateries such as Kentucky Fried Chicken (now KFC) in 1965, Pizza Hut in 1973, and McDonald's in 1974.

The latter part of the decade encompassed further research into the potential health effects of these meals. Frequently, fast food has a lot of calories, fat, sugar, and inadequate nutritive value. This can promote gaining excess weight and being overweight, which then raise the possibility of developing various chronic diseases, for instance, stroke, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes (Schlosser, E., 2005). Consequently, menus now present an array of nutritional information alongside the introduction of more nutritious options from certain establishments (Gakidou et al., 2017).

In the 21st century, new fast-food chains such as Five Guys and Subway entered into the British market, coinciding with increased requests for vegan and vegetarian options due to altered consumer tastes.

More recently, companies like Just Eat and Deliveroo have transformed the entire landscape of fast food by providing customers with easy access to their desired meals through delivery apps from home. Alongside this shift has come an industry-wide acceptance of incredible technological advancements including digital menus and mobile ordering platforms.

The evolution of the UK's fast food circa encompassed a multitude of factors, ranging from varying nutritional interests and health preoccupations to the birth of advanced electronics and the widespread demand for meal deliveries.

Rationale

The effects of the fast-food industry on the UK's economy have piqued interest among scholars, policymakers, and industry insiders The burgeoning fast-food industry in the UK is an established factor to obesity. Recent research conducted by the British Medical Journal (2022), discovered that individuals who consume processed foods frequently were potentially more likely to be overweight than those who consume it occasionally. Accompanying data portrays fast food as being a substantial manufactory of calories, fat, and sugar within the British diet. The industry's expansion has been motivated by changing consumer preferences, increased urbanization, and technological advancements (Lv et al, 2020). For instance, numerous fast-food restaurants have begun to offer healthier menu items, as well as branching into new markets, for example delivery and web ordering (Independent, 2023).

Although there are significant advantages to having fast-food chains, debate remains about their impact on the economy (Doe, J., 2021). According to the literature article of the author, Munteanu et al, 2021, these restaurants are crucial for economic growth and development, whereas there are even some negative consequences imposed by these restaurants on the society and the human lifestyle (Munteanu et al, 2021). Fast food chain restaurants, for example, have been linked to health issues such as obesity and other chronic ailments resulting in elevated healthcare expenses (Jones, M., 2020).

Considering the role fast-food chains play in the economy, it is vital to thoroughly investigate their national impact. This research aims to reveal insights into fast-food chain restaurant contributions to the UK's economy, their industry obstacles, and potential implications for the public's health and well-being.

This study will not only augment existing literature surrounding this topic but also offer an all-encompassing appraisal of the economic impact of these chains. Policymakers, industry players, and researchers interested in understanding how the industry affects the UK economy will be able to make assumptions based on the findings.

RQ: The research is being done to answer a few questions which are answerable after the completion of the research. The questions are:

• What is the impact of fast-food chain restaurants on United Kingdoms?

• How is the economy of United Kingdom affected by the fast food chain restaurants?

• What does the impact of fast food chain restaurants on the economy of United Kingdom denote?

• What are the measures that can be taken to apply the implications?

The overall aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the economic impact of fast-food chain restaurants on the UK, while also identifying and addressing potential long-term risks and benefits associated with their continued growth.

In meeting the aim of the research, the objectives are:

• To estimate the economic contribution of fast-food chain restaurants to the UK economy, by analyzing data on job creation, tax revenue, and consumer spending patterns.
• To identify and evaluate potential long-term implications of the growth of fast-food chain restaurants on public health and sustainable development, and to recommend proactive measures for addressing these implications.

This study seeks to understand and measure the economic impact of fast-food chain restaurants in the United Kingdom, as well as explore their wider implications. To fulfill these objectives, a multi-faceted approach is employed, combining quantitative analysis of financial data with qualitative insights from interviews with industry professionals, business owners and managers. Only credible sources such as government documents and academic research will be executed for this exploration. With a combination of methods and through comprehensive examination of various data, the project tests to grasp an extensive understanding of the financial effect with possible ramifications of fast-food chain restaurants within the UK.

Dissertation Structure

This dissertation is structured to comprise a general introduction that reflects an overall understanding of the core questions and desired results, a literature review which is an account of all the pieces of information illustrating studies previously done associated with this topic, a methodology section covering the set up for data collection and assessment operations, a segment proclaiming the investigations of this study as well as defining its discoveries in regard to the established aims, and lastly, a summarizing finish consolidating the central insights and effects of the research. Additionally, it will contain a list noting all sources utilized within the literature analysis and additional parts of the dissertation.

Chapter 2 Literature Review

2.1. Introduction

Despite experiencing instability over the past decade, the fast food and takeaway industry in the United Kingdom had a value of around £21.37 billion in the year of 2022, surpassing the previous year's figure of about £19.62 billion (Statista, 2023). Projection indicate that the sector's worth will rise further, and it is expected to achieve a value of £22.04 billion in 2023 (Statista, 2023). The fast-food industry was established in the late 19th century, which shows the type of foods that are mass-produced or designed for commercial resale. The fast-food chain and restaurants were first identified in the UK (Choudhury, 2022). The first “Fish and Chips” restaurant in the world was opened in 1860s by Joseph Malin in Bow/London and it served fish and chips like any other fast-food restaurant offering nowadays (Castelow, 2015). From there onwards, people started consuming fast-food items, and their demand kept on increasing stage. As a result, the fast-food industry initiated to develop across the world, as well as today where everyone is in a world that is full of fast-food restaurants and chains (Souiden, 2019). Furthermore, consumption of these types of products by several end consumers who like quick service restaurants, hotels/resorts and full-service restaurants are anticipated to drive the enlargement of this market.

2.2. The financial impact of the fast-food industry on the economy of UK

According to Food and Drink Federation (2022) the UK's food and drink manufacturing industry is crucial to its economy, contributing by £30 billion in 2021, growing by 4.2% from 2020, and making up 20% of its manufacturing sector. The sector employs 468,000 people across all UK regions, while the food and drink supply chain employ 4.2 million people and is valued of £126 billion for the year 2021 (FDF, 2022). Exports exceeding £20 billion in 2021 are an important driver of growth, going to over 220 countries, where Ireland, France, and the USA are considered being the top three destination markets (FDF, 2022).

John Smith (2022) stated that the industry has been criticized by fast food critics for its impact on public health and environment. The high calorie, fat, and sugar brought together in the content of most fast foods has amplified the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and other wellbeing problems. This has led to urge for the industry to provide healthier menu options and for the government to introduce policies aimed at reducing the consumption of fast food (Jones, M., 2020). Overall, the fast-food industry has had a significant impact on the UK economy, but there are concerns about the potential negative health effects of the industry (Statista, 2022). The fast-food industry in the UK is a major contributor to the economy, generating significant revenue, providing employment opportunities, and contributing to the country's tax revenues (IBIS World, 2021).

According to World Health Organization (2021), advanced analytics specialists state that fast-food industry companies can nowadays use innovative data analytics to estimate the financial impact or the fame of a new product before introducing it in the market. Using this data analytics can help companies to avoid wasting resources on products that are no likely to be successful (Quantzig, 2023). On the other hand using advanced data analytics could create a competitive advantage for companies that have access to it, which could lead to less competition and higher prices for consumers (Guardian, 2019).

The challenges faced by the fast-food industry are the adoption of healthier lifestyles by the general public, rising competition in the industry, and the threat of being sued by individuals for any minor mistakes (Quantzig, 2021).

2.3. Conceptual framework

"The Impact of Fast-Food Chain Restaurants on the Economy of the United Kingdom" is a research study that aims to explore the economic impact of the fast-food industry on the UK economy. The study is likely to be based on several key concepts and theories, including (Appendix 1):

Economic impact: The economic impact of the fast-food industry is likely to be a central focus of the study. This concept encompasses the effects of the industry on various economic indicators, such as employment, economic growth, and government revenue. To assess the impact of the industry's weight on the overall economy, the research may utilize multiple effects and input-output analysis.

Consumer behavior: The study also explore the factors that influence consumer behavior in the fast-food industry, including price, convenience, taste, and health concerns. These factors are explained by the help of the following theories:

Rational selection theory is a social science concept that assumes persons behave in their own self-advantage so as to maximize their value (Coleman, J. S., 1990). This thought is commonly used to illustrate an extensive range of sociological phenomena, like economic behavior, political judgment making, and social trends.

The field of consumer behavior theory endeavors to comprehend individuals' decisions making of which items to purchase, how much money to dedicate and from where to shop. Personal characteristics, social influences, and environmental elements have a hand in influencing an individual's buying habits (Schiffman et al., 2019).

The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is a psychological theory that explains the intention to engage in a behavior and predicts the actual behavior. The TPB assumes that behavior is a function of intention, determination of which is based on three factors: attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (Ajzen I., 1991).

Health impacts: The study may examine the health impacts of the fast-food industry on the UK population. Theories related to health behavior, such as the physical condition belief model and the social cognitive theory, may be used to explore the factors that influence individual's choices related to fast-food consumption and the potential impacts of such choices on their health (Uddin, 2019).

Sustainability: According to the article of the author, Anastasiou et al, 2022, the chain of fast food chains hotels is made sustainable in the market of the United Kingdom. The economy of the nation is being kept in focus in the evaluation of the sustainability of the fast food chain restaurants in the nation of the United Kingdom, along with the impacts that are being posed by the facts of food hotels on the environment of the UK. The data of the consumers who are being served by the fast food hotel chains are being evaluated to obtain market insight for the statistical evaluation of the customers of the company. About 17 to 39% percent of the total population gets their diet-related energy from these fast food chains. These fast-food chains often provide services which are on the same plane as the choices of the consumers in the market. The interests of the people are being tapped and are used to attract consumers in the market of the UK. The organisation FAO and WHO have encouraged the consumption of sustainable food from these fast food chain hotels (Anastasiou et al, 2022). Environmental sustainability is also evaluated with the use of these market data where the environmental impacts are also evaluated. The consumption of food which is termed as UPFs in the nation of the United Kingdoms are to be increased to gain sustainability. These UPFs are the formulation of ingredients without industrial use and are made after a number of industrial processes. The foods which are animal based are being reduced and because of this, the sustainability of the fast food hotel chains in the UK market is gaining.

According to the literature of the author Perrigot et al, 2021, the management of the waste of the fast food chain hotels of the United Kingdom is essential for the retention of the sustainability of the fast food hotels in the nation of the UK. Better and improved methods of waste management are being followed in a smart answer to minimise the environmental impacts of the waste generated from fast food chain hotels. The strategies of waste management and the kind of waste management depend on the type of waste that is being generated from these fast food chain hotels. The treatment of the solid waste that is being generated from these fast food chain hotels is essential for the enhancement of sustainability of the fast food chain hotels in the nation of the United Nations. The dealers of the food which are medium scale and medium sized are being faced with concern for social and environmental parameters in a high manner. The value of the industry increases because of the increase in the demand of the people in the market and these rising demands of the people are being met with the rising hotels of fast food (Perrigot et al, 2021). The failure of policies by which the hotels abide by the laws of the conservation of society and the environment are being failed in many cases of the fast food chain hotels and this reduces their awareness of hotel practices. The level of transparency in the fast food industry is limited and therefore the impact of these hotel chains of fast foods on the environment and society cannot be analysed if the hotels do not abide by society's norms and laws of maintaining sustainability. The most common strategy that can be used to increase sustainability is to monitor the working of the hotels in the fast food chains, and then regulate the impact posed by the fast food hotels on the environment and society.

Government policy: According to the article of the author, Rose et al, 2022, the food system of the nation of the United Kingdom is mainly governed by the chains of fast food hotels. There are a number of policies and governmental laws which are used to control and regulate the working of the fast food chain hotels in the nation. The time of pandemic in the UK has witnessed several laws to control the operations of working of fast food chains. The government is responsible for spreading the habits of healthy consumption of food within the community. The export of the ultra-processed foods in the UK market is a serious threat in the expansion of the fast food chains in the market of the nation. In the time of the first wave, about 50% surge is being faced in the market of the fast food chain of the UK (Rose et al, 2022). The nation of UK is self-sufficient with the resources of eggs, most of meats, wheat and certain types of vegetables. The market of the fast food segments has faced an elevation in recent years. About 75% of all the food is being created in the nation. The sector of the fast food chain hotel of the UK brings about £120 billion value to the government along with the provision of employment to about 4 million people. The aim at which the fast food chain of the UK works is that there should be provision of safe, healthy and affordable food for the people along with the enhancement of the environmental stability of the nation for the coming generations. According to the article of the authors Millstone and Lang, 2023, the community of the United Kingdoms is intended to increase the sustainability of the community with the healthy habits of eating of the people and the healthy lifestyle of the community. The institutions of regulation of the food systems are at the interface of policy and science (Millstone and Lang, 2023). The food imports which are EU and non EU based are spread across the ports of the nation, this makes all the ports equally essential in the supply of food in the UK. There arecomplex chain in the supply of food in the nation.

2.4. Fast-food business's effect on the UK's food culture and traditions

The fast-food business has a significant effect on the food culture and traditions of the United Kingdom. The convenience, affordability, and ubiquity of fast food have made it a popular option for many people in the UK, particularly those with busy lifestyles or limited time for meal preparation (Slack et al, 2021). The effect of the culture of fast food is very essential to be understood for the evaluation of the impact in the culture of food of UK and the traditions of UK. The habits of the future generation are very essential to be regulated as the sustainability of the community and society is gained with the betterment of the future generations. The habits of healthy food such as the consumption of less sugar and less salt, less reduction of the vegetables and reduction of the consumption of meat is to be maintained with the regulation of the preparation of the fast food of the hotels in the UK. This has led to a shift away from traditional food culture and eating habits, particularly among younger generations. One of the most significant impacts of the fast-food business on UK food culture has been the introduction of new foods and flavors. Many fast-food chains offer a wide range of international cuisines, including burgers, pizzas, tacos, and other dishes that were not traditionally part of British cuisine (Slack, 2021). This has led to an increased interest in international cuisine and a greater diversity of food options in the UK.

However, the popularity of fast food has also led to concerns about the decline of traditional UK food culture, the traditional foods have lost their touch in the nation (Grigorescu et al, 2019). Traditional dishes such as fish and chips, roast dinners, and pies have been overshadowed by fast food in many parts of the country. Additionally, the consumption of fast food has been linked to rising rates of obesity, diabetes, and other health problems in the UK, which has led to calls for a return to healthier, more traditional eating habits.

Overall, the fast-food business has had a mixed impact on the food culture and traditions of the UK. While it has introduced new foods and flavors and increased diversity in the food options available, it has also contributed to the decline of traditional food culture and raised concerns about the health impacts of fast-food use.

2.5. The economic benefits generated by the fast-food industry

The UK started its fast-food chain industry to gather all different dishes in one place, all the different nutrients and the different types of nutrition for the community are brought to the same page for the befits of birth the community and the economic system of the nation. The variety of the different food imports and exports from the country is essential for the influx and enhancement of the economy of the country. Traditional foods are being replaced with foods which are attractive and trending in the market and these fast foods brings a wide variety of tastes on the tables for the people. These services of these variety of fast when taken by the people brings influx of revenue and is therefore responsible for the enhancement of the economic system of the nation. The fast-food industry has had a significant impact on employment in the UK (Davies, 2018).

According to Ashley and Cowling (2018), the industry has provided many low-skilled, low-wage jobs in the food preparation and service sector, which has helped to reduce unemployment, particularly among young people. The authors found that in the United Kingdom, between 1998 and 2015, the fast-food industry's occupation numbers rose by 70%, which led to 4% decrease in the unemployment rate for people under the age of 25 (Ashley, L., et al., 2018). This clearly implies that this sector of the economy has resulted in a lot of positions.

The sector has also determined innovation in the fast-food industry making it more affordable and reachable to customers (Jones, 2022). Despite this, the fast-food industry conserves significant business in the UK as well as continues to shape an employment landscape in the nation. Some of the economic benefits generated by the fast-food industry in the UK include:

• Provides a large number of jobs for both skilled and unskilled workers. This includes jobs in restaurants, supply chain, and distribution.
• The industry also contributes to government tax revenues through taxes such as VAT, business rates, and corporation tax.
• It is known for its innovation and use of technology, which has helped to improve efficiency and reduce costs.
• Contributes to the growth of local economies by creating jobs and supporting other businesses in the supply chain.
• It is also a significant draw for tourists, who are attracted to the country's unique food offerings.
• Overall, the fast-food industry plays an important role in the UK economy, contributing to employment, revenue, tax revenues, innovation, and local economies.

2.6. What is the role of the fast-food industry in the individual's life nowadays?

Currently, fast food is used more and more in every individual's meal. It is verified to be very harmful to health then also people still consume it frequently. To initiate with this, there are numerous reasons that define why people are eating more fast-food today (Colas, 2019). Primarily, it is delightful as well as looks very attractive. Thus, the fast food becomes a preferred food for young individuals. Gastronomy is an individual's choice of food and this choice is essential for the healthy living of the human beings in the society. Exchange of the culture of food among the different nations are essential to bring in economic advantages for the people in the market (Ermolaev, 2023). Secondly, many people are very busy, so they do not have sufficient time to prepare food and eat at home. Therefore, they will select fast-food cafes or eat there as well. The biggest problem with consuming fast food is health issues. The fast-food components often comprise a lot of processed chemicals, salt, and sugar materials that cause several problems to the health of a person such as heart disease, diabetes, obesity or even cancer. Nowadays, the rate of persons suffering from diabetes at 15 to 20 years of age is very high. Also, fast-food yields various wastes which cause very dangerous problems for society or community.

Chapter 3 – Research Methodology

Contains the methodological framework for the research project

• Put this in an academic context derived from the research methods literature e.g.

o Theoretical stance – ontology, epistemology

o Inductive or deductive

o Qualitative or quantitative

• Demographic Data on Participants including sampling method
• Instruments used: questionnaires, interview questions derived and/or adapted from with sources, etc..., including reliability and validity (refer to questionnaire/interview plan sample in appendices)
• Analysis used (what, why, ...)

Chapter 4 – Data Analysis And Discussion

Contains the analytical framework for the research project

• What are the results of your data?
• How will you illustrate them (tables, graphs, diagrams, ...)
• If interview derived - often actual quotes may be used to support particular points raised (see research articles as example)
• If questionnaire derived - we would expect some quantitative analysis (see research articles as example)
• How do your results relate to findings of previous research/theories/models?

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Chapter 5 – Conclusion And Recommendations

Contains the fully developed, well-conceptualized conclusions from the research and usually a bullet point list of the recommendations drawn from the conclusions.

• Draws conclusions from previously analyzed discussion and relate to research question.
• Summative findings; extract and emphasise the key issues discovered.
• Discuss if the study has taken the literature one stage further – have you added to, challenged, or re-enforced existing theory and/or phenomenon?
• What are your recommendations to address the management issue which was identified in the Introduction?
• Reflect [limitations] on the appropriateness of adopted methods.
• Suggest possible areas for new or further work

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