Soldiers Exercise And Biological Aspects Assignment Sample

Introduction: Physiological Responses and Homeostasis in a Soldier During Exercise

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i) The heart rate and breath rate of a soldier have been recorded during an exercise

The graphical representation of the above table is given below.

Heart rate and breath rate concerning time

ii) After the 5th minute of the exercise, the soldier started to run as his heart rate started to increase suddenly and after the 15th minute, the soldier's heart rate decreased and also the respiratory rate decreased gradually, which indicated that the soldier stopped running after the 15th minute.

iii) Hypercapnia or carbon dioxide retention in the body, might be dangerous sometimes. It assists in balancing the blood pH level (blood pH level decreases). Increased levels of pCO2 and decreased levels of pO2, result in respiratory acidosis, which may hamper our body functioning. When the soldier was running, his respiratory rate and breathing rate increased and simultaneously the body failed to remove excess carbon dioxide from the body and maybe he was suffering from hypercapnia. It can be diagnosed by venous or arterial blood gas. Chemoreceptors can help to sense the increased level of CO2 levels in terms of pCO2, pO2, blood pH, etc. (Patel et al. 2022). Cardiac output and breathing rate have been disturbed by this. The peripheral chemoreceptors located in the carotid or aortic bodies can detect the changes in CO? and O? levels in the blood, whereas the central chemoreceptors located in the ventrolateral surface of the medulla are sensitive to the changes of pCO? and pH. The sympathetic outflow in the autonomic nervous system to the vasculature increases and thus the respiratory rate increases.

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When the soldier stopped running, the body started to regulate more oxygen in the bloodstream and thus relaxed gradually, which is a type of homeostasis (Meizlish et al. 2021). The increased body temperature of the soldier during the exercise was gradually decreased down to the normal temperature by the process of homeostasis and helped to maintain the internal body stability. The hypothalamus is a part of the central nervous system that regulates the body temperature. Three main components of homeostasis are receptors, control center and effectors.

Hypercapnia can be treated by using a mask that provides oxygen in the lungs, taking adequate rest, and other treatments if it becomes too severe (Tripathi et al. 2019). Therefore, doctors prescribe some drugs, including Xanax, Valium, etc., to relieve pain and anxiety.

iv) Adrenaline chemically known as epinephrine is generally excreted in the bloodstream when stress and anxiety increase to encourage “flight or fight” responses (Maunder et al. 2020)

Therefore, it is strongly related to any sporting event or exercise. The release of adrenaline during the exercise would help to maintain the focus and concentration on it. Thus, a soldier's performance is dependent on the right proportionate excretion of adrenaline during the exercise.

References

Journals

• Maunder, E.D., Plews, D.J., Merien, F. and Kilding, A.E., 2020. Exercise intensity regulates the effect of heat stress on substrate oxidation rates during exercise. European Journal of Sport Science, 20(7), pp.935-943.
• Meizlish, M.L., Franklin, R.A., Zhou, X. and Medzhitov, R., 2021. Tissue homeostasis and inflammation. Annual review of immunology, 39, pp.557-581.
• Tripathi, A., Xu, Z.Z., Xue, J., Poulsen, O., Gonzalez, A., Humphrey, G., Meehan, M.J., Melnik, A.V., Ackermann, G., Zhou, D. and Malhotra, A., 2019. Intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia reproducibly change the gut microbiome and metabolome across rodent model systems. MSystems, 4(2), pp.e00058-19.