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Introduction of Rural Development Strategy Through Implementing Poultry Farm And High Value Crops Assignment
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This study is going to discuss a rural development project proposal by implementing a poultry farm and producing high-value crops. Appropriate change model is going to be discussed for the proposal of a project on implementing a new poultry farm. Expected stakeholders and their role in project description and their contribution to the project are going to be discussed in this study. A logical framework has been drawn to understand the entire project and the estimated budget for this project is going to be determined to identify expected income from this project.
Women's groups do not have a clear idea about potential trees that are related to poultry farms. In this context, potential is going to be analysed and an overcoming strategy is going to be provided in this study. Appropriate monitoring plan and evaluation plan to track each and every step of the project is going to be analysed two understand the impact of this project. At the end of the study, project cycle will be discussed to identify its impact and overall coherence.
Proposal
It is proposed to create a group firm with local women for community development by increasing the number of local people of Palava. Opening a poultry farm activity is chosen because implementation cost of this type of business enterprise is low and it belongs to the small business category (Case study). Growing tomatoes and chillies are not enough to earn livelihood for local people of Palava. In this context, opening a meat shop and supplying eggs in different regions is going to improve profitability of enterprise and women's groups will be able to earn their livelihood easily.
ADKAR change model
Awareness
A women's group has become aware of current demand for eggs and meat in the UK marketplace. Research on profitability of a poultry farm has found that this type of organization earns more than 50% profit on sales which is going to improve the standard of living of local people. There is a lot of land in Palava and women's forums used to produce chillies tomatoes that give them a small surplus which is not enough to sustain their livelihood consistently (Case study).
Desire
Is a process of sowing benefits for implementing change management within an enterprise? Having experience working in community-based development in Nanumba, it is easy to understand the need for social development in Palava region. As cited by Abbasi et al. (2021), the ADKAR model desired to establish a well-balanced infrastructure that provides a sustainable working environment to people of rural areas. Change theory is important to understand the needs of local people and act according to their effectiveness in community development.
ADKAR change model
(Source: Abbasi et al. 2021)
Knowledge
A lot of associates and students from Tamale University have provided part-time and short time voluntary knowledge about poultry farm concepts. Having experience working with a women's group in Nanumba for years has helped to understand the context that needs to be changed in order to improve the living standard of Palava people. As cited by Snyder et al. (2020), District development officers and district agriculture officers always come forward to provide their valuable consultation strategies to improve rural areas' living standards. This change management theory has helped to gather knowledge about the effectiveness of poultry farms which is going to work out in the upcoming future for rural development through building a women's group.
Ability
The women's group has experience in producing chillies and tomatoes as well as making handicrafts and operating small bakeries. For that reason, the women's group has a lot of experience in agriculture production; however, a little training program is required for those women to build a poultry farm. As opined by Tang (2019), ADKAR theory has helped to identify new activities that must be considered to improve efficiency of local people and contribute to social development.
Reinforcement
This project is going to be qualified because of potential opportunities in the UK's marketplace and satisfy the needs of local women's groups in order to sustain their life without any complications. Gathering knowledge from experts this strategy is reinforced to consolidate the ability of women groups and reward themselves for their hard-working ability.
Stakeholder engagement and Activity description
The women's group needs to include professional rural development associates and contact district development officers for guidance in investing in this project. District agriculture officers may provide sustainable decisions to women's groups in order to improve their profitability with help from the government. Its stakeholders are going to provide a sustainable development strategy for this project and control performance of this enterprise in a structured way. As cited by Nyoni et al. (2019), Different kinds of rules and regulations are applied in operating poultry farms however these professionals are going to guide women's groups to sustain their activities and maintain profitability consistently.
Around 10 women are going to be included in this group to operate a poultry farm. District development officer may provide technology and updated infrastructure to the women's group that is going to help the growth of this poultry farm. Perception of these stakeholders is always true to develop rural areas by sustainable decisions. It is necessary to visit district development officers and agriculture officers to identify expected issues that may arise during operating activities of poultry farms. As opined by Riva et al. (2018), uncertainty is the main issue in the current situation and a long-term sustainable strategy should be made through a special group of professionals. A large number of funds are required to establish a poultry farm and communicating with potential investors and financial authorities is important to influence them about their profitability and get loans from those organizations.
The project will be most effective in the current situation because the profitability of poultry farms is more than any other agricultural activity. Most poultry farms make more than 100% profit on cost and it does not need a large amount of investment to set up this type of farm. Women's groups do not have to wait a long time to get a return on their investment for operating a poultry farm in their region. There are several types of agricultural income opportunities for producing tomatoes, chillies and other low-cost vegetables; however, that could not fulfil the livelihood of those people. As cited by Hayes et al. (2021), demand for meat and eggs has increased after covid-19 situation because most people have become aware of their health and they started consuming high protein foods in order to increase their immunity power.
A large amount of area is required to get a high amount of profit from low-cost vegetables; however, women's groups do not have a lot of lands to produce a large amount. As opined by Achmad et al. (2021), Cashews and peanuts are high-value crops that can be produced in a short plot of land. In this context it has been found that women's groups cannot produce a large number of low-cost vegetables for that reason implementing a poultry farm and producing high-value crops is most appropriate for this project. The overall strategy must be dependent on professional experts because it is going to sustain the business performance of this women's group.
Logical Framework
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Goal
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Activities
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Output
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Impact
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Goal of this project is to improve the living standard of women's groups through a rural development strategy.
Allow women's groups to form a group firmly in order to provide stability to earn their livelihood without any complication.
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Invest in building infrastructure and developing a poultry farm by getting financial support from potential investors or banks. Consult with the district development officer and rural development officer in order to get professional guidance and make a profitable enterprise. A change model is required to improve productivity of those women's groups in a competitive marketplace.
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Establishing a poultry farm through professional help is going to allow women's groups to produce mangoes, cashews and peanuts as well as supply eggs and meat all over the country. Selling high-value foods is going to allow women's groups to earn a large number of funds within a short period and provide stability in their daily life. Implementation of technologically advanced devices through support of rural development officers is going to increase the competitive advantage of women's group form in the marketplace.
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This rural development strategy is going to improve the living standard of Palava people and they are equal to their daily needs without any complex situations. As opined by Gkartzios and
Lowe (2019), Rural development is going to improve the per capita income of the country and contribute to growth of GDP. This project is going to enhance financial and economic growth of the society of the UK.
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Table 1: Logical framework
(Source: Created by researcher)
Women's group is going to start work on a small scale with a budget for the first year estimated at around 200000 pounds. This amount is going to be invested in different activities of poultry farms as per assumption of potential market opportunity. Approximately 60000 pounds is required to set up a cage and make shade for animals. Around 10 labourers are going to be implemented in form and they are going to be paid approximately 10000 in the first year. Salary of 10 women is estimated around 12000 pounds. Required raw material for farming and planting high-value crops is going to consume approximately 20000 pounds. A supply chain is one of the most important parts of any business organization that provides sustainable development and efficient infrastructure to deliver products to potential consumers. A women's group is going to purchase delivery vans which are going to cost around 16000 pounds.
More than 1500 pounds of diesel is required and electricity is required around 500 pounds in the first year. Maintenance cost has included around 5000 pounds in the estimated budget of the project. Planting an office to operate an entire form requires some furniture that is going to cost more than 20000 pounds. As per the opinion of Modak et al. (2019), waste management is necessary for poultry farms because there are several types of waste that come from animals. The waste management cost for a poultry farm is around 10000 for the first year which is going to prepare fertilizer in the upcoming year. Feeding animals is one of the most important activities for a poultry farm that is going to cost more than 20000 pounds. These are potential expenses of poultry farms that have been assumed as per current market scenario.
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Budget
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200000
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Total income
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390000
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Sales
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Meat
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120000
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Eggs
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90000
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Mangoes
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60000
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Cashews
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50000
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Shea nuts
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70000
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Total Expenses
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200000
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Infrastructure building cost (Shade making and cage making)
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60000
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Wages
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10000
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Salaries
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12000
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Raw material
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20000
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Delivery van (2)
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16000
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Electricity
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500
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Diesel
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1500
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Maintenance
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5000
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Furniture for office use
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20000
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Waste managing cost
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10000
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Feeding cost
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25000
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Interest on loan (10% expected)
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20000
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Revenue
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190000
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% of profit on sales
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49%
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Table2: Estimated budget for a proposed project
(Source: MS Excel)
Poultry farms are going to earn more than 390000 pounds by selling meats, eggs, Cashews, Shea nuts, mangos etc. Approximately 120000 pounds is estimated to be earned by farming by selling meat. More than 70000 pounds are expected from selling nuts and cashews are going to bring around 50000 to poultry farms. Selling eggs on a poultry farm is going to earn approximately 90000 pounds in the upcoming year however mangoes will allow women's groups to earn around 60000 pounds. As cited by Arif and Shafi (2021), operating a poultry farm does not need a lot of time to bring profit into the pocket of the company. In this scenario, it is a sustainable project and cost allocation is going to help the government to achieve its goals without any complications.
Uncertainty risk
World is suffering from uncertainty and this has affected the financial and economic balance of every business organization. As opined by Jiang (2022), currency of the United Kingdom has been affected by the pandemic situation and Brexit has affected investor psychology in interest in new enterprises. Certain changes in demand for meat and eggs are going to affect sustainable performance of women's groups. However accurate forecasting and implementation of technology advanced deviates are going to help form management identify potential risks and uncertain situations within a short period. Most organizations are using a digital supply chain in order to supply daily essentials to potential consumers which is going to minimize it for poultry farms.
Competitive risk
There are a lot of big poultry farms in the marketplace that provide fresh meat and eggs to potential consumers at a low price. As stated by Høg et al. (2019), competing with these giant organizations in the UK marketplace is not going to be easy for women's groups. A poultry farm is going to operate at a small scale which creates a competitive disadvantage for this enterprise. A women's group has to reduce its profit margin in order to maintain competitiveness in the marketplace. Investing a large number of funds in poultry farms and providing quality foods to potential consumers at cheapest price as well as branding through a digital marketing strategy is going to improve its brand value in the local marketplace. In this way, women's groups will be able to make their competitive advantage for a long period and minimize competitive risk.
Financial risk
Inflation is increasing day by day and pricing strategy has become more complicated in the current situation (Jaravel and O'Connell, 2020). For this reason, women's groups may face financial uncertainty and working capital risk in operating daily activities. Enterprises must take consultation with district development officers and other financial professionals to prepare strategic decisions in order to prepare an accurate budget for poultry farms. Investors have withdrawn a large number of funds during the Brexit situation however they always prefer to invest in those organizations that have provided consistent profit over years. Investing in a start-up enterprise always includes high risk. Preparation of an appropriate budget with professional help is going to minimize financial risk and sustain its performance in the UK marketplace.
Collaboration complication
The women's group does not have any professional experience offered to work on a poultry farm which may create collaboration risk during operation activities. As stated by Uluta? et al. (2021), collaboration is most important for every organization and success of an enterprise depends on collaboration of every worker. Collaboration helps to improve efficiency of employees and improves product activity of an overall enterprise. Poultry farms face collaboration risk due to a lack of appropriate education and training in operating a poultry farm. Gathering a strategic approach to operating poultry farms through effective collaboration is going to minimize risk assumptions and sustain business activities for a long period.
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Monitoring and Evaluation Plan
Reflexive approach of monitoring is going to be undertaken in this project where a women's group will be able to identify insights of entire progress and take necessary action within a short period. As opined by Eduard et al. (2020), reflexive approach is one of most effective approaches for a new organization because it guides the management team to identify potential outcomes and expected uncertainty statistical analysis. Evaluation plan is an integral part of a project; it has to evaluate what is going on and how the entire process should be controlled in the program. A women's group must monitor their progress as well as supervise every single step of operation in poultry farms to identify potential gaps. Several types of uncertainty can arise during operating poultry farms because the women's team has not operated this type of poultry farm before.
A large number of secondary data is collected from authenticated sources however identifying the most authenticated source is complicated. As cited by Faris et al. (2019), lack of collaboration and inefficient work may arise within an organization, however, a proper training program and positive approach help to mitigate this type of uncertain situation. The women's team has to execute their entire project with special guidance from district development officers and district agriculture officers because they have theoretical and practical knowledge in this field. Monitoring and evaluation plan of the poultry farm has been indicated in a logical frame, however, local people of the region are going to be involved in this entire process. Local people will get several types of knowledge about operating poultry farms and high-value crops to generate a high amount of profit. In this way, they are going to take initiative to improve their lifestyle by taking help from district development officer.
Reflexive monitoring cycle
(Source: Eduard et al. 2020)
Change of living standard and mindset of producing high-value crops and supplying eggs and meat in different regions. Local people are going to understand the entire process of this project and reflect on the outcome of this stage of these activities. As stated by Gonzales et al. (2019), the monitoring and evaluation plan is one of the most important parts of every business organization because management teams are able to identify their position through this plan. Tracking results of intervention of a particular project guide to implementing strategies for future goals. Effectiveness of a particular project is dependent on monitoring evaluation plans to detect errors within project management and suggest efficient strategies according to the ever-changing environment.
Initiation
The project focuses on two tables of living standards of local people of Palava by implementing a new poultry farm. As stated by Nyoni et al. (2019), local people of Palava are unable to meet their daily needs through their agricultural activities. In this context, a women's group came forward to construct a poultry farm and produce high-value crops to stabilize their living standards. Contribution of different stakeholders is most important for this project because the women's group does not have a lot of knowledge regarding constructing a poultry farm for business. Feasibility of this project has been started and it has been found that there are a lot of scopes that can improve the living standard of local people consistently.
Planning
The project plan is prepared for the first year only and an estimated budget for this plan has been prepared according to market demand. As cited by Kabeyi (2019), planning has included anticipating risk and overcoming strategies to gather entire knowledge of upcoming uncertainty. Planning of this project is prepared with help of associates and different government officers which has sustained its effectiveness for a long period. The project plan has greatly impacted local society because most people have become aware of high-value crops and market demand. In this way, other people are able to implement new strategies to improve their living standards by considering a particular project.
Project cycle
(Source: Kabeyi, 2019)
Execution
Execution of the project is independent of the monitoring and evaluation approach. Reflexive monitoring approach has helped projects deal with uncertainty and improve working infrastructure. It is expected that the entire process is going to be executed efficiently because potential risk and their assumptions to overcome have been analysed in this project. As opined by Joseph et al. (2020), collaborating with stakeholders and judging workflow consistently through appropriate evaluation guides project managers to track the entire process consistently. Evaluating current data and the expected cost of implementing a poultry farm has been analysed through a budget. Budget for the first year has included approximately 200000 pounds which are going to create a high amount of profit in the upcoming period.
Closure
Analysing the performance of the project, it has been found that women's groups are able to meet their expectations of earning a high amount of profit from poultry farms. As cited by Alders et al. (2018), team collaboration and effective training programs are going to improve quality of work and contribute to society's growth. Transparency is high in this project and most of the stakeholders are going to take a positive attitude and collaborative approach to the goal of this project. In this context monitoring the entire process and implementing risk management strategies is going to help to implement sustainable decisions for consistent growth.
Overall coherence
Evaluating the whole process of this proposal it has found the project is white convincing and it is undertaken during a hard situation. As cited by Xue et al. (2019), people in rural areas are suffering from low income and are unable to match their minimum standard of living from their agricultural activities. In this context, a proposal is undertaken. This strategy is quite convincing because it has included specialized professionals to prepare projects and it has prepared on the basis of current demand of the marketplace. A logical sequence has been maintained in this study and activities have been guided to minimize risk for the project.
Change theory is implemented for this proposal following stakeholders' engagement and their activity to build up this project. After evaluating stakeholders' contribution to this project a logical framework has been drawn which has guided us to understand activities and their impact on society? According to the current market scenario a budget has been prepared in this study which has included expected cost and potential income for this project. As stated by Chugunov and Makohon (2019), the preparation of the budget is a long term plan which has helped women's groups to identify potential outcomes from their efforts in building poultry farms. Several types of risk arise during this project that is uncertainty risk, competitive risk, collaboration risk, financial risk etc. However appropriate assumptions and strategies have been evaluated in this process to mitigate this type of risk.
Monitoring and evaluation plan is required to track every activity of a particular project. In this context, a reflexive plan has been undertaken to utilize available resources efficiently and achieve a predetermined goal. Potential risk has been identified by evaluating current market scenarios and learning from secondary data sources. This proposal is a really good project proposal because it has carried an appropriate description and included a logical framework to direct entire project performance. This change project is focused on improving the living standard of women's groups of Palava and the main concept is rural development.
This project is going to guide the entire community to understand efficient strategies of rural development and tackle uncertainty efficiently. As cited by Hedman et al. (2020), Efficient training programs and utilization of technologically advanced devices for poultry farms are going to minimize risk of uncertainty. It is necessary to implement a digital supply chain to sustain its activities in uncertain situations. Covid 19 Impacted every industry to deliver products to consumers, however, digital supply chain management strategy has helped every organization to overcome this situation. Technology advanced production lines minimize the error of human resources and women's groups are able to provide great quality of service to potential consumers at a low price.
Evaluating this study, it can be concluded that leaving in the current world scenario has become hard for rural people. Implementing a rural development strategy to increase the living standard of people and help them in developing strategic skills to produce high-value products is necessary for the growth of the country and the global economy. In this study, ADKAR MODEL has been implemented to propose a poultry farm model which is most beneficial to women's groups to understand their ability and achieve their desired livelihood. District development officer and district agriculture have participated as a stakeholder in the project to guide women's groups in developing their rural activities.
A logical framework has been drawn and the preparation of a budget is most important to understand potential outcomes in the upcoming future. Developing supply chain management and implementing technology advanced infrastructure is going to minimize the risk of poultry farms. Providing fresh High-quality crops and maintaining cost competition with rival companies is going to mitigate the risk of this poultry farm. Establishing an efficient supply chain and ensuring an appropriate training program to monitor and evaluate organization performance is going to improve the working ability of women's groups. The entire study has held to understand rural development projects and their application in real scenarios to improve the overall standard of society.
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