The Role Of Patient Education In The Promotion Of Vaccination In London (Newborn) Assignment

The Role Of Patient Education In The Promotion Of Vaccination In London (Newborn) Assignment

1. Introduction

1.1 Background

Education of the patients is playing an important role in promoting vaccination the improving public health. As per the view of Meppelink et al. (2019), providing accurate information about vaccines, and also their benefits, and potential risks, patient education empowers individuals to make informed decisions regarding their health and the health of their communities.

Figure 1: Vaccine data in England, UK

(Source: gov. uk, 2023)

In the year 2022, the percentage of vaccination in the UK decreases as compared to the period of 2021 this range 0.2% to 1.1% (Nhs.uk). The incidence of death and disease, or Mortality and morbidity, are significant public health concerns. The main factor is that Vaccination has long been recognized as one of the most effective interventions in preventing infectious diseases and reducing associated mortality and morbidity rates. It is important to awareness of health education, especially in vaccination. The level of health literacy among individuals can impact their understanding of vaccination information. Low health literacy gave ineffectiveness in medical education and the understanding of the concept of vaccination in the new brown babies. This proposal has effective for the spreading of education sector in specifying in vaccination sector. This provides raising awareness about patient education programs to raise awareness about the importance of vaccination and the diseases they protect against.

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1.2 aim and Objective of the Studies

Aim

Aims of the research study is to give medical literacy in the UK specifically in vaccinee

Objectives

The objective of the research is-

• To raise awareness about the vaccination in Newborn baby
• To provide health literacy in the UK for better growth in the health sector
• To the Role of Patient Education in the Promotion of Vaccination.

Patient education is playing an important role in promoting vaccination and reducing the burden of mortality and morbidity caused by preventable diseases. With the awareness, and the dispelling of misconceptions, and improving vaccine confidence, patient education empowers individuals to make informed decisions regarding immunization.

2. Literature review

Awareness of health literacy

The education program is the most important to raise awareness about the importance of vaccination and the diseases they protect against. As per the view of the World Health Organization, (2019), with the information gathered through various channels, including healthcare providers, community outreach programs, and media campaigns, individuals are informed about the risks of vaccine-preventable diseases. Socioeconomic factors, such as income, education level, and access to healthcare, can influence vaccine uptake. As per the opinion of Pulido et al. (2020), lower-income populations may face barriers like cost, transportation, or lack of access to vaccination centers. The level of health literacy among individuals can impact their understanding of vaccination information.

Role of Patient Education in the Promotion of Vaccination

This is an important factor that is concerned about health literacy in the UK, this is provided the effectiveness in leading life. As per the view of Facciolàet al. (2019), doctors are important for vaccine acceptance. Building strong relationships between patients and doctors establishing open communication channels, and addressing individual concerns contribute to increased trust and, subsequently, higher vaccine. Previous research has indicated the barriers and setback that has been faced by the healthcare, government, and individuals. The main elements that are contributing to increase the vaccination hesitation among the parents of the newborn in the United Kingdom the major elements that are contributing to the vaccination hesitation are the misinformation and lack of trust that has been implicated in the community. The side effects of misinformation that have been spread around the community have created the hesitation among the community. The second reason is also a religious belief that can contribute to vaccination hesitation. Many religions have the perception that goes against vaccination. The contribution that research can contribute is this will help to gain in-depth information regarding the factors that are contributing to the hesitation regarding the vaccination that is increasing the death rate of the newborn. There is a dire need to change the vaccination awareness program and change the public health sectors. The community needs to be more informed regarding the side effects and causes due to lack of vaccination.

Awareness about the vaccination in Newborn babies

Patient education enhances vaccine confidence by instilling trust in the healthcare system and vaccine providers. As per the opinion of Stellefson et al. (2020), this is the main thing behind the effectiveness of Vaccines stimulate the body's immune system to recognize and fight specific diseases, patient education empowers individuals to make informed decisions regarding their health and the health of their communities. Vaccines stimulate the body's immune system to recognize and fight specific diseases among newborn children's, thereby providing immunity against targeted diseases. Inclination in the health literacy in the UK, the level of health’s literacy among individuals can impact their learning and observations of vaccination information. This is necessary for educational materials to meet the needs of diverse populations.

Literature gap

In this chapter, mainly focused on the rhetorical overview as per some authors Generally, this data of information is taken by the scholar and the information is taken by the data source available on the net. Reading of books is not contained in this chapter. However, all the data are collected from genuine sources but the information of the data is taken by the UK sites not any other general sites. Therefore, the data are used only UK based, if the data is taken worldwide based that can affective very effective in the research pare. The drawbacks of false information that have been spread around the community have created the “lack of assurance” among the community.

3. Methodology

3.1 Research question

Q1: How to raise awareness about vaccination in Newborn babies?

Q2: How to provide health literacy in the UK for better growth in the health sector?

Q3: What is the Role of Patient Education in the Promotion of Vaccination?

3.2 Hypotheses

Research Hypothesis H0: Education can reduce vaccination hesitancy.

H1: Education cannot reduce vaccination hesitancy.

3.3 Study design

The investigation is included a quantitative in-depth analysis of the conducted interviews that are conducted with healthcare in the United Kingdom. The participants will be presented with a set of demographic questions as well as Opinion questions that will be associated with vaccine hesitancy in the parents of newborns. The survey will also have a discussion of education’s role in “health information dissemination”.

“Descriptive research design” will be used to conduct the resrch in future to get brief ideas about the significance of health education.

3.4 Participants

Most of the interviewees will be recruited with interpersonal contacts within the education program. The interviewees will be requested to focus on the patterns and trends which are encountered by them regarding vaccine hesitancy among the parents of newborns in the United Kingdom. Throughout the United Kingdom, Interviewees were recruited. Most of the interviewees will be Physicians, as the primitive goal was to understand vaccine hesitancy in complement to understanding the role of education in the vaccine program. The survey has extensive experience with the UK community within healthcare settings. They can prove the source of information to understand the role of education in vaccine hesitancy and how it can bring benefits or disadvantages to the UK community. There will be “51 participants” related with the health industry will be participated in the survey that will be conducted to get feedback from the stakeholders related to health education to get vaccinated their new born baby.

3.5 Inclusion/ exclusion criteria

The inclusion criteria are demographic information that is age, race, and gender. The exclusion criteria are the healthcare profession's judgment and missing the interview appointment. The inclusion of health related papers and articles will be focused in the research and the irrelevant and unnecessary information will be avoided and excluded in the research.

3.6 Data sampling

The interview will be conducted with 18 individuals from healthcare and individuals with experience regarding vaccine hesitancy northeast UK community. The participants will be selected from “convenience sampling”. One interview will be performed as a group interview to understand the collective view on the matter. One interview will be conducted separately with each of the interviewees. The set of questions will be regarding the attitudes that have been noticed by the interviews with the parents in the UK community. Role of education on vaccine hesitancy, experience with healthcare, and situation can be better in the future.

3.7 Intervention details

The intervention details of the research will be to underrate deaths, painful diseases, and prevalent disease hindrances. Shorten the health system's influence. Completely restart socio-economic move, and decrease the chance of new variants of the diseases in the newborns.

3.8 Data collection

The data collection method for the research will be both primary and secondary qualitative sources as it will help in collecting accurate data and information. The interview will take place online through video chat in the workplace or at home. The interview will take place over the duration of one year in 2 stages. Stage One will be conducted between January to June 2024, and Stage Two will be performed between July and December 2024 to authorize the associability of considerably various perspectives. Each participant will be interviewed once separately and in a group interview. “Primary data collection” method will be used to conduct the research. However the researcher will use the secondary sources of information from the authentic journals and websites that will help in finding appropriate means of data and help in completing the research more effectively.

3.9 Data collection tools

For the data collection, the interviewees will be asked to consent to audio and visual recordings. After the consent, the video will be used for data sampling. The guidelines will be prepared with an iterative process based on the expertise of the survey. We will construct “6 research questions” related to topic and take feedbacks from aforementioned participants. We will be used “statistical tools and techniques” to conduct the research to accomplished research objective in future.

For the data collection, the secondary qualitative methods will be done by collecting data and information from websites, online articles, research papers, articles and journals will be done. This will help in gathering imperative information regarding the role Patient Education and help the users to gain imperative knowledge.

3.10 Variables

The key outcome of the research will be a change in the perception of vaccine hesitancy in the parents of the UK community. When examining the dependence between Vaccine hesitancy and education, age can be a covariate. The exposure variable will be to analyze the background to understand the hesitancy.

3.11 Data analysis

The deductive approach will be used to analyses the data in the future to complete the research. The “Secondary quantitative data collection method” will be used to analyses the data related to the health education to create awareness among the people. The question indicates if education can mitigate the fear and hesitation from vaccination among the community in the UK. The feedbacks will be accustomed and collected by using survey questions [referred to appendix]. However, based on the feedbacks of the survey we will conduct statistical tests such as regression, correlation, t-test and descriptive statistics will be include in excel to understand the relationship between the identified variables.

4. Ethical consideration

In this research paper, participants are 18 members, and all the members belong to the UK. this research was organized in the UK. The information of the participants belongs to the privacy act, which is approved by the “health research authority approval” This authority gives the person about all kind of health research organized (Nhs.uk 2023). The implication of data protection and secrecy will be used to create ethical environment in the research in future.

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5. Significance

This proposal is effective for the education sector in specifying in vaccination sector. This provides raising awareness about Patient education programs to raise awareness about the importance of vaccination and the diseases they protect against. Improve the confidence in vaccination in newborn babies Patient education enhances vaccine confidence by instilling trust in the healthcare system and vaccine providers. Increase health literacy in the UK, the level of health literacy among individuals can impact their understanding of vaccination information. The premium factor is that Vaccination has been recognized as one of the most effective interventions in preventing infectious diseases and minimizing associated mortality and morbidity rates. However it is important to awareness of health education, especially in vaccination. This is necessary for educational materials to meet the needs of diverse populations. However, the change in the economy in the term of health socioeconomic factors, such as income, education level, and access to healthcare, can influence vaccines. Patient education should consider these factors and address them through targeted interventions.

References

digital.nhs.uk 2023 About the information of medical data in the UK Avbale at: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/nhs-immunisation-statistics/2021-22 [Accessed on 5th June 2023]

Facciolà, A., Visalli, G., Orlando, A., Bertuccio, M.P., Spataro, P., Squeri, R., Picerno, I. and Pietro, A.D., 2019. Vaccine hesitancy: An overview on parents' opinions about vaccination and possible reasons of vaccine refusal. Journal of public health research, 8(1), pp.jphr-2019.

French, J., Deshpande, S., Evans, W. and Obregon, R., 2020. Key guidelines in developing a pre-emptive COVID-19 vaccination uptake promotion strategy. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(16), p.5893.

Gov.uk 2023 About the information of vaccination data in the UK Avbale at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/cover-of-vaccination-evaluated-rapidly-cover-programme-2022-to-2023-quarterly-data/quarterly-vaccination-coverage-statistics-for-children-aged-up-to-5-years-in-the-uk-cover-programme-july-to-september-2022) [Accessed on 5th June 2023]

Meppelink, C.S., Smit, E.G., Fransen, M.L. and Diviani, N., 2019. “I was right about vaccination”: Confirmation bias and health literacy in online health information seeking. Journal of health communication, 24(2), pp.129-140.

Ouh.nhs.uk 2023 About Health Research Authority ApprovalAvbalibe at:https://www.ouh.nhs.uk/researchers/approvals/permission/#:~:text=Health%20Research%20Authority%20Approval%20is,undertaken%20by%20dedicated%20HRA%20staff.[Accessed on 5th June 2023]

Pulido, C.M., Ruiz-Eugenio, L., Redondo-Sama, G. and Villarejo-Carballido, B., 2020. A new application of social impact in social media for overcoming fake news in health. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(7), p.2430.

Stellefson, M., Paige, S.R., Chaney, B.H. and Chaney, J.D., 2020. Evolving role of social media in health promotion: updated responsibilities for health education specialists. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(4), p.1153.

World Health Organization, 2019. Intervention guidebook for implementing and monitoring activities to reduce missed opportunities for vaccination.

Bibliography

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Hudson, A. and Montelpare, W.J., 2021. Predictors of vaccine hesitancy: implications for COVID-19 public health messaging. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(15), p.8054.

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