Qualitative Video Analysis Of Back Squad In Weightlifting Assignment Sample

Introduction of Qualitative Video Analysis Of Back Squad In Weightlifting Assignment

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Body movement skill is very important for participating in any physical activity or reducing the risk of bodily injury and both of these are essential elements of health. The back squat is regarded as the most effective exercise which has a huge impact on the performance of an athlete and it necessitates the interaction of different muscles. The back squat helps to enhance muscular power and improves life quality (Stuge, 2019). Muscular strength or muscular power is an important cause that could determine the dynamics of the performance of an athlete, particularly in sports events like weightlifting where a huge amount of force is required to generate in a short period of time. The movements of weightlifting are ground-based multiple exercises that involve different muscles and joint groups (Fieraru et al. 2021). Power is a mechanical quantity that is expressed as the product of velocity and force. In weightlifting, power can be expressed by the velocity of the movement of body parts and the force applied by the athlete. Power can be enhanced by focusing on the ability development to exert the highest force and force production rate. Then, the improvement of maximum power and strength in an effective way is very essential for the coaches and athletes to enhance performance. 

The most significant professional function of physical skills coaches and teachers is the qualitative analysis. The qualitative analysis is regarded as a methodical observation and reflective assessment of the efficiency of human movement patterns with the goal of offering the best response to enhance performance. Skill assessment is a complicated process comprised of several equally significant components; nonetheless, it is the combination of these elements that leads in analytic proficiency (Pangan and Leineweber, 2021). The second phase is a theoretical movement assessment, which includes identifying the skill's aims or purpose, simplifying the movement, identifying the mechanical constructions, and ultimately identifying the important aspects. During the observation stage, the viewer gets visual data that should be watched and filtered correctly. The diagnosis step begins with the identification of a difference between both the response of the learner and the corresponding output. Diagnosis also entails identifying the mistake's ineffectiveness and distinguishing between main and secondary flaws. The providing of information depending on a solution is the fourth/final phase of the qualitative skill analysis approach.

The back squat position

(Source: researchgate.net)

To do a back squat as shown in figure 1, the barbell has to be placed across the shoulders (on top of the trapezius muscles, just above posterior fibers of the deltoid muscle), and have to gently bend the hips and knees till the thighs are straight to the ground. It would then be returned to the starting posture by gradually stretching the hips and knees till a fully vertical posture is obtained (Sanford et al. 2020). The back squat is also a popular workout for developing muscle strength all around the knee, lower back joints, and hip which are required to accomplish numerous motions in daily activities and various sports. Back squat's qualitative analysis could offer important information regarding body posture during the activity, which could be strongly associated with a greater risk of incurring stressing of muscle group or injury. are defined as certain visible bodily motions connected to the efficiency and effectiveness of the action done, which may be utilized to analyze and, if necessary, change the exercise for satisfactory performance are known as Critical features (Mahajan et al. 2020). Head, trunk, and thoracic posture, the position of knee and hip, bar placement, tibial translation, squat depth, stance width, foot position (extreme outward rotation, elevating heels), and position of the hand when gripping the barbell seem to be some significant elements that may be utilized to analyze the back squat. The faults that may be seen throughout the motions are extremely distinct, though there are several that are seen across the community. Some of them include knocking knees or valgus, back rounding or aching, extreme front torso lean, incorrect bar placement, and inadequate squat depth.

Critical features of the back squad	Source
Width of the stance is wider than the shoulder width	(Fieraru et al. 2021; Aasa et al. 2019)
Head is straight forward-looking	(Pangan and Leineweber, 2021)
Neckline is perpendicular to the floor	(Cui et al. 2020; Aasa et al. 2019)
Upward chest with retracted shoulders	(Aasa et al. 2019)
Hips lines are parallel to the floor	(Cui et al. 2020; Aasa et al. 2019)
Trunk is parallel to the tibia (shin)	(Sanford et al. 2020)
Straight curvature of lumbar lordosis (lower back)	(Stuge, 2019)
Mid-foot in line with the bar	(Aasa et al. 2019)
Iner part of the ankle should not cross the outer part of knee	(Mahajan et al. 2020)
Foot have to be in contact with floor	(Pangan and Leineweber, 2021)

Table 1: Critical features of back squad

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Method

Before the recording of the back squat movement, different required information about he participant was recorded. The participant in the back squat performance was a male. He is an undergraduate student. His age is 20 years at the time of recording the video. His height is 1.60 meters and her mass is 62 kg. The participant is a basketball player and he is participating in6 this sport for the last 12 years she is doing back squats in her regular exercise training session. At the time of his participation in this video, no injuries or pain was reported by him.

The back squat was recorded using the mobile application Hudl Technique, which is appropriate for any mobile device. The mobile application is particularly developed to capture movement patterns and enable the user to replay video content in slower motion, zoom in on clips for small specifics analysis, utilize sketch and evaluating tools for assessment, and compare different video content for an accurate assessment (including such after and before), and record subject improvement (Aasa et al. 2019). The mobile phone with the Hudl Technique video camera was placed 5 meters ahead of the participant for the front monitoring as shown in figure 2. The gadget was placed 5 meters distant on the edge of the participant's location for side-viewing as shown in figure 3. Both evaluations for the constancy of the closing skill were conducted on a similar day at the sports science department of East London University. To guarantee that there was no variation in pressure, a constant weight barbell was employed.

Well before inspection, the participant was informed of the protocol and the technique of back-squat with the barbell (12 kg weight) and permitted to perform the activity. The participant then was requested to execute a heavy back squat while a teammate recorded the activity on a mobile phone using the Hudl Technique program. The exercise was done six times in order to obtain three movies from two angles (Cui et al. 2020; Aasa et al. 2019). A two-view assessment may have minimized the danger of human error, but there was just one camera accessible, thus the closed skill has been used twice. Three trials were examined from every point of view to acquire a basic view of the dynamic activity and to identify the essential aspects that would be concentrated on (Mahajan et al. 2020). The functionality of the video recordings was examined utilizing the slow-motion feature of the Hudl Technique applications. Other methods, like drawing a line and determining angles, have been used to collect information for data interpretation.

Front view observation setup

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Side view observation setup

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Results

The inventory of essential elements that were utilized to analyze the execution of the restricted skill is provided below. The checklist's layout is basic, enabling participants to simply comprehend the essential aspects and their evaluations, as well as highlight areas that require further work (Monteiro, et al. 2021). The assessment of the important aspects relevant is performed at the starting, squatting, and end postures, or the 3 stages of the back squat, characterizing this as a systematic technique of evaluation. Ratings are given for all the critical features in the front position at the time of starting from 1 to 5, where 1 is given for poor position, 3 for the satisfactory position, and 5 is given for ideal position.

Critical features of the back squad	Rating
Width of the stance is wider than the shoulder width	5
Head is straight forward-looking	5
Neckline is perpendicular to the floor	5
Hips lines are parallel to the floor	5
Mid-foot in line with the bar	3

Table 2: Critical features of the back squad in front starting position

(Source: self-created)

The essential elements examined in the starting posture were head straight ahead, stance breadth, the neckline is perpendicular to the floor, the hip line is parallel to ground, and bar aligned with mid-foot. As shown in Figure 4, the participant has an ideal stance width that is somewhat broader than the hips and shoulders. The hip line is parallel to the ground, suggesting that the posture is correct (Lahti et al. 2019). The line of the hip is parallel to the floor which indicates the perfect position. As shown in figure 5, the head of the participants is forward-facing and it is at the level of eye from the ground also the neck of the participants is located perpendicular to the floor. The neck position is also a correct position. The barbell is aligned to the midfoot of the participant for which a lower rating is given for this critical feature (Appleby et al. 2020).

Front view of the starting position

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Side view of the starting position

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Critical features of the back squad in the middle position (true squat)

Ratings are given for all the critical features in the front position at the time of starting from 1 to 5, where 1 is given for poor position, 3 for the satisfactory position, and 5 is given for ideal position.

Critical features of the back squad	Rating
Width of the stance is wider than the shoulder width	5
Head is straight forward-looking	5
Neckline is perpendicular to the floor	5
Hips lines are parallel to the floor	5
Mid-foot in line with the bar	3
Upward chest with retracted shoulders	5
Trunk is parallel to the tibia (shin)	3
Iner part of the ankle should not cross the outer part of knee	5
Foot have to be in contact with floor	4
Slight curvature of lumbar lordosis (lower back)	4
Mid-foot in line with the bar	3

Table 3: Critical features of the back squad in the middle position (true squat)

(Source: self-created)

At the middle position of the back squat which is also known as the true squat, the hips lines of the participants are parallel to the floor, as shown in figure 6. There is no sign about the latter portions of the knee are crossing the medial melleous. Figure 7 represents that the head is a straight forward-looking and upward chest with retracted shoulders (Aasa et al.  2019). The trunk is not parallel to the tibia (shin) but a slight curvature of lumbar lordosis is observed which is satisfactory. Mid-foot is not in line with the barbell but the barbell is in the line with the toes of the participants as shown in figure 7. The foot of the participant is not in contact during the movement of the body in the squat. The lift of the heel is very slight and unnoticeable almost as shown in the figure 8. 

View of front in the second position

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View of side in the second position

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Foo position in the middle position of the back squat

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Critical features of the back squad in the end position

Ratings are given for all the critical features in the front position at the time of starting from 1 to 5, where 1 is given for poor position, 3 for the satisfactory position, and 5 is given for ideal position.

Critical features of the back squad	Rating
Width of the stance is wider than the shoulder width	5
Head is not straight forward-looking	4
Neckline is not perpendicular to the floor	4
Hips lines are parallel to the floor	5
Mid-foot in line with the bar	3
Foot have to be in contact with floor	5

View of the front position at the last stage

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View of the side position at the last stage

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The last stage of the back squat is upward stance and full extension as in the starting position. The width of the stance is wider than the shoulder width. The Head is not straight forward-looking. The neckline is not perpendicular to the floor. The hips lines are parallel to the floor but the mid-foot in line with the bar. Foot is in contact with the floor.

Discussion

Different adjustments to the ideal mobility posture could have an impact on the body movement's effectiveness. These variations in posture can be caused by a variety of circumstances, involving prior injury, existing health difficulties, and incorrect practice (Vigotsky et al. 2019). Persons that use a bad posture throughout a motion may be more susceptible to getting accidents or illnesses as a result of an asymmetry in biomechanical stance, with youngsters also being susceptible to inappropriate skeletal and muscular growth.

The crucial aspect that was not ideal even during the initial either first stage inspection was the alignment of the barbell with the central section of both the foot. The individual was gripping the barbell with the proximal region of the mid-foot in alignment. However not extreme, this indicates that the person had a minor alignment backward. The participant is off-balanced throughout the exercise because the mass burden is not maintained. With a severe rearward lean, the bar may drag the wrists into much retraction, causing tendon instability and diminishing shoulder stabilization (Delgado et al. 2019). Off-balance could also create changes throughout the entire action, such as an exaggerated front lean in the back squat to counteract the reverse pull. Because the stomach muscles serve to hold the lower back, it is recommended that the exercise these muscles for endurance training and engage them in the squat to enhance your posture (Case et al. 2020). Planks, pulley chops, crunches, and leg lifts are a few workouts that may be utilized to increase abdomen muscular strength.

Numerous important characteristics were identified to be in multiple places than the optimal condition in the second stage of the back squat. The parallel alignment of the trunk with the shin or tibia would be one of those identified (Sinclair et al. 2020). The person did not get a parallel orientation of the tibia and trunk, and there was a posterior lean. The spinal curve was adequate, but it was influenced by the front lean. Excessive trunk flexibility could be caused by lumber and thoracic muscular instability, and it could impair the back and shoulders curvature in the true squat posture (Appleby et al. 2020). Forward leaning generally results in inadequate class iii malocclusion, which puts too much stress on the spine back and increases the chance of lower spine discomfort and injury. The spinal herniated disc is among the most common ailments that could occur as a result of an increased pressure load on the lumbar region. A simple adjustment of extending the trunk in the back squat includes performing specific targeted workouts such as alternating between arched and rounded back postures while cobra exercise, quadruped, hance trunk flexibility, and positioning, and hence back-squat effectiveness (Weakley et al. 2020).

The bar placement with the middle section of the heel was a vital component that was out of place. The bar is lined with the toes instead of the mid-foot, suggesting a front tilt of the trunk. The imbalance of the mid-foot and bar is caused by an asymmetry caused by abdominal muscular instability. the participant elevated his heel marginally off the floor in the 2nd section of the back squat (Kubo et al. 2018). When executing squats, the ankle should be entirely straight on the floor, with the dynamic weight in the foot and posterior part of the heel. Raising the feet off the floor decreases the land area of the heel in touch with the floor, which would be the basic support for the squat action, lowering the participant's equilibrium and squat stability. Bottom limb activities such as running and holding lunges, step-ups, and wall squats are recommended for correcting foot posture during squats. Neck and head posture were 2 of the essential aspects observed in the third or last phase. It was discovered that the participant extended the spine, resulting in a front tilt of the neck and headline. Keeping a reaching equilibrium of the forehead in respect to the vertebrae in the squat exercise gives the participant with a coordinated set-up all through the squatting, eliminating poor spine posture and enabling the participant to carry more load (van den Tillaar et al. 2019). Prolonged backward, forward, or lateral displacement of the body can lead to muscle straining and injuries in cervical vertebrae. The person in the trial did not get an abnormal head posture, but the bending towards the conclusion of the action may have happened because of a weakening in the triceps muscles. Neck extensors, lateral flexion, and neck rotations all executed slowly, are several simple focused workouts that could be good for a secure head posture. Head level forward, stance wide, neckline straight to floor, a hip line straight to floor, and bar alignment with mid-foot have been the important aspects considered in the beginning posture (Sayers et al. 2020). The assessment of the main features significant is conducted at the beginning, squatting, and end postures, or the three stages of the back squat, defining this as a systematic process.

Conclusion

The back squat is viewed as the best activity which enormously affects the presentation of a competitor and it requires the collaboration of various muscles. Body development ability is vital for taking part in any actual work or lessening the gamble of real injury and both of these are fundamental components of wellbeing. Solid strength or strong power is a significant reason that could decide the elements of the exhibition of a competitor, especially in games like weightlifting where an enormous measure of power is expected to create in a brief timeframe. The main export capacity of actual abilities of mentors and instructors is the subjective investigation. The subjective examination is viewed as a calculated perception and intelligent evaluation of the productivity of human development designs fully intent on offering the best reaction to improve execution. Back squat's subjective investigation could offer significant data in regards to body pose during the action, which could be firmly connected with a more serious gamble of bringing about focusing on of muscle gathering or injury. are characterized as specific noticeable substantial movements associated with the proficiency and viability of the activity done, which might be used to investigate and, if fundamental, change the activity for palatable execution are known as Critical elements. The back squat was recorded utilizing the versatile application Hudl Technique, which is fitting for any cell phone. A long time before the review, the member was educated regarding the convention and the strategy of back-squat with the free weight (12 kg weight) and allowed to play out the action. The back squat is additionally a well known exercise for creating muscle strength overall around the knee, lower back joints, and hip which are expected to achieve various movements in day to day exercises and different games.

References

Journals

Aasa, U., Bengtsson, V., Berglund, L. and Öhberg, F., 2019. Variability of lumbar spinal alignment among power-and weightlifters during the deadlift and barbell back squat. Sports biomechanics, pp.1-17.

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Appleby, B.B., Banyard, H., Cormack, S.J. and Newton, R.U., 2020. Validity and reliability of methods to determine barbell displacement in heavy back squats: Implications for velocity-based training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 34(11), pp.3118-3123.

Appleby, B.B., Banyard, H., Cormack, S.J. and Newton, R.U., 2020. Validity and reliability of methods to determine barbell displacement in heavy back squats: Implications for velocity-based training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 34(11), pp.3118-3123.

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Delgado, J., Drinkwater, E.J., Banyard, H.G., Haff, G.G. and Nosaka, K., 2019. Comparison between back squat, Romanian deadlift, and barbell hip thrust for leg and hip muscle activities during hip extension. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33(10), pp.2595-2601.

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Sayers, M.G., Bachem, C., Schütz, P., Taylor, W.R., List, R., Lorenzetti, S. and Nasab, S.H., 2020. The effect of elevating the heels on spinal kinematics and kinetics during the back squat in trained and novice weight trainers. Journal of sports sciences, 38(9), pp.1000-1008.

Sinclair, J., Mann, J., Weston, G., Poulsen, N., Edmundson, C.J., Bentley, I. and Stone, M., 2020. Acute effects of knee wraps/sleeve on kinetics, kinematics and muscle forces during the barbell back squat. Sport Sciences for Health, 16(2), pp.227-237.

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van den Tillaar, R., Andersen, V. and Saeterbakken, A.H., 2019. Comparison of muscle activation and kinematics during free-weight back squats with different loads. PLoS One, 14(5), p.e0217044.

Vigotsky, A.D., Bryanton, M.A., Nuckols, G., Beardsley, C., Contreras, B., Evans, J. and Schoenfeld, B.J., 2019. Biomechanical, anthropometric, and psychological determinants of barbell back squat strength. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33, pp.S26-S35.

Weakley, J., Ramirez-Lopez, C., McLaren, S., Dalton-Barron, N., Weaving, D., Jones, B., Till, K. and Banyard, H., 2020. The effects of 10%, 20%, and 30% velocity loss thresholds on kinetic, kinematic, and repetition characteristics during the barbell back squat. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 15(2), pp.180-188.