Psychology Of Behaviour Sample

Introduction: Psychology Of Behaviour

A trauma-informed approach could be demonstrated as a development system which is embedded in a total acknowledgement of how the exposure to traumatic incidents and events may influence the users of public services. From the perspective of a civil servant this report is being analysed and it has been tasked to present a documentation in which this is required to demonstrate the significance of considering psychological processes in the justice system.

In the current year it has been found the convergence between justice and physiological approach systems. Which has gathered a significant amount of attention ,guided by an evaluated recognition of the complex corporation between persons experience, legal process and behaviour, one vital report called “Beyond case study” which was held in 2016 focuses on a concerning correlation which consists of trauma and its effects which makes the young generation violent. The report also emphasises that 91% of the people from a young age are affected with trauma and caused losses or abuse. This report also pinpoints that total review of conventional practice. It also noted in this regard that proactive reaction from the Ministry of Justice has been found.

In this consequence the Ministry of Justice has initiated a major change within justice systems. Which include the introduction of various agencies for trauma informed practice. It is necessary to know exposure to trauma that impacts the neurological, psychological, biological as well as social development. The task which was assigned to civil servants to integrate psychological strategy with the justice system. The effort becomes crucial to scan the practical effect and possible benefit of adapting such strategies.

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2. Investigate psychological perspectives and how they influence behaviour 

Theoretical analysis 

From the psychological perspective, and after reading the entire task, two selected theories that need to be discussed here are Cognitive-Behavioural Theory and Attachment Theory, which will provide valuable support in terms of implementing trauma-informed practices for the Ministry of Justice effectively. 

Attachment theory is significant because it assists to analyse how to form emotional bonds with others and how these bonds shape relationships throughout their lives (Cherniak et al., 2021). The theory was first established by British psychologist John Bowlby in the 1950s, and it has since been extended by other researchers. Attachment theory also assists to analyse why various people may have various "attachment styles' ' during their adulthood, which are depending on the kind of attachment they develop with their primary caregiver during childhood (Bosmans et al., 2022). These styles of attachment include anxious, secure, and avoidant styles of attachment.

With understanding these theory early traumatic experiences can derange secure attachments and lead to maladaptive coping mechanisms, the Ministry of Justice can tailor interventions to analyse fundamental emotional promotion and needs healing among lawbreaker.

Cognitive Behavioural therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy for improving mental Health. It solves the problem like negative thought patterns about the self and the globe are challenged in order to alter treat mood disorders or unwanted behaviour patterns e.g stress, or depression. Cognitive Behavioural deals mainly with feelings, behaviour, and thoughts. This science allows an individual to know about their thoughts and feelings connected to their behaviour.

This theory concentrates on the cooperation between feelings, thoughts, and behaviours (Barrett and Stewart, 2021). By identifying how trauma can perpetuate negative thought patterns, and cognitive procedure the Ministry of Justice can execute cognitive-behavioural interventions focused at challenging regulating emotions, distorted thinking, and developing adaptive coping mechanisms or skills.

A comprehensive framework is being analysed throughout this analysis which allows for showcasing the influence of trauma on major behaviour and demonstrates practical strategies for encouraging resilience and rehabilitation among justice-involved people. The inclusion of both these theories into trauma-informed practices, the Ministry of Justice can improve and promote positive outcomes of communities and individuals who are suffering. 

Assess the similarities and differences two selected theories 

Psychotherapy comes in two flavours: attachment-focused therapy and conventional cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), though there are some significant distinctions between the two. The foundation of attachment-focused therapy is the notion that our capacity to develop healthy relationships in later life is shaped by the nature of our initial interactions with carers (Rajkumar, 2020). Together, the client and the therapist investigate these early attachment styles and how they might be influencing the client's relationships today. Better relationships and general mental health can result from the therapist's assistance in helping the client create a more solid attachment style.

On the other hand, traditional cognitive-behavioural therapy aims to alter unfavourable thought and behaviour patterns (Tran, 2021). Together, the therapist and the client discover these patterns and create new, more constructive thought and behaviour patterns. This kind of therapy is frequently used to treat particular mental health issues, like depression or anxiety. Therefore, although both attachment-focused therapy and traditional CBT seek to enhance mental health, their methods differ. While CBT focuses on altering unfavourable thought patterns and behaviours, attachment-focused therapy is more concerned with attachment patterns and relationships. The needs of the patient and the particular mental health issue being treated will determine which therapy is best.

Understanding social influence on behaviour

A knowledge and understanding of Cognitive-Behavioural Theory and attachment theory is critical to understand social influence and behaviour in terms of public service. Attachment theory shows the query which is focusing on inter personal relationship, attachment disruptions and emotional regulation which are half way interplay with the justice system (Case et.al, 2022). By admitting how early can shaped attachment patterns is important for public service to provide tailor made support which also enhance the emotional requirement and deliver the best rehabilitation process for justice involved individuals. Also Cognitive-Behavioural Theory gives cognitive progressed of learning behaviour and the effect of environmental stimuli on behaviour. This perception is necessary for making interventions that target cognitive distortions and also encourage flexible coping skills, and mark unstable behaviour that improve the success of rehabilitation attempts within a public service context (Spacey and Thompson, 2022). Also these theories provide a real framework for addressing and understanding the interaction of social influence and individual experience. Furthermore it is very important to behave properly with this type of infected people, which is not only the duty of the government organisation but also needs involvement of various NGOs of the society for a better result.

The contributions of theoretical understanding on implementing trauma-informed approach 

The theoretical comprehension emphasis to deliver Cognitive-Behavioural Theory and attachment theory crucially contributes to successful application of trauma informed processes. Especially to findings of the report of Beyond Youth Custody' Attachment theory also shows involvement to intervene early traumatic experiences, which consist of abuse and loss which can disturb attachment bond by promoting maladaptive coping strategy and emotional dysregulation process within young offenders. By identifying this attachment disturbance the trauma informed practice can enhance the supportive role, give emotional support, which can make trust in the domain of justice support (McMinn et.al, 2024). 

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On the other hand it was observed that the Cognitive-Behavioural Theory shows how the people can be distorted cognitive processes by the effect with trauma and also preserve pessimistic thought pattern, strengthen abnormal thought process. Combining cognitive-behavioural interventions within trauma informed approach to combine theorist address cognitive disorder. It is give a lesson to make flexible for coping skill and encourage the positive change in behaviour among young guilty party who has the traumatic background (Wilson et.al, 2022). By aligning this framework which contains theoretical information, trauma-informed practices can deliver totally tailored inventions that mark the original causes of offending behaviour and implement the rehabilitation and healing process among young affected people within the justice systems.

Link this analysis to theories of criminal behaviour 

The analysis of the real-world crime of robbery can be linked to theories of criminal behaviour, e.g Trauma Theory. Trauma Theory complements this understanding by highlighting how the offender's traumatic background, such as childhood abuse or neglect, may exacerbate risk factors identified by this theory (Garloff, 2020). Trauma can lead to emotional dysregulation and the development of maladaptive coping mechanisms, increasing the likelihood of engaging in criminal behaviour as a means of coping with psychological distress. Together, these theories offer a comprehensive framework for understanding the complex interplay of environmental influences and individual experiences in shaping criminal behaviour. 

Traumatic background of offenders 

It's important to note that while factors like childhood experiences, mental health issues or Substance abuse can increase the likelihood of criminal behaviour, they do not necessarily cause it. Many people who experience these factors do not engage in criminal activity, and many criminals do not have these experiences or conditions. Criminal behaviour is complex and can be influenced by a combination of factors, including individual characteristics, situational factors, and environmental influences.

Every criminal mastermind has a love-starved heart hidden behind them. A criminal grows into what they are in their lack of love, just as darkness is nothing more than the absence of light. To put it another way, people who are extremely hungry have reportedly been known to eat their own excrement as a last resort. In other words, when people are deprived of positive emotions like love, they will become more susceptible to negative emotions like envy, wrath, and hatred, which will eventually negatively affect their attitude and behaviour. Resulting in a criminal and evil mental state and demonstrating that no illness can justify criminal behaviour

3. Investigate theories of criminal behaviour and causal factors

With the inclusion of Differential Association Theory a real world crime like Robbery within a convenience store could be demonstrated. It could be analysed that In a robbery at a convenience store, the perpetrator, influenced by Differential Association Theory, may have learned criminal behaviour through interactions with peers or role models who glorify or engage in theft (Kim et al., 2020). The environment of the convenience store, with its perceived anonymity and potential for financial gain, reinforces criminal behaviour. The robber's decision to commit the crime is shaped by a combination of learned attitudes, social influences, and situational factors. Differential Association Theory highlights the importance of social learning and environmental influences in understanding and addressing criminal behaviour, underscoring the requirement for interventions that disrupt criminal networks and provide alternatives to crime.

Causal Factors

A criminal wanting your stuff by force or fear is a robbery. How to stop it? It can be reduced by enforcing harsh penalties for committing a robbery, but there will always be people who think society owes them something and that something that were obtained through hard work. They want the same things but refuse to work hard and instead just take from those that have earned it. In the form of social status and material gain, positive reinforcement could be responsible for motivating to be a part of robbery and any other crime. On the other hand, media violence reinforced and desensitised criminal attitudes.

.Influences

1. A lack of conscience, a lot of greed, hatred, or a strong feeling of desperation.
2. An overpowering desire to have something.
3. An open opportunity to get what you want.
4. The belief that you can get away with it.
5. A strong sense of arrogance and entitlement that you have a right to do what you want, regardless of the law.
6. A total lack of respect for the rights of others.
7. A desire to prey on others.
8. A lack of empathy.
9. Viewing victims as objects.
10. A belief that someone is their property and has no rights.

Contributory Factors

1. Poverty
2. Lack of opportunity (to get out of poverty)
3. Lack of education in personal growth focus (to create opportunity to get out of poverty)
4. Lack of education in cross culture ethics (leading to bigotry/racism and “fear of what’s different from me” behaviour)
5. Wealth inequality where in the rich have little interest in solving education or poverty because it suits them to keep a large gap in class divisions
6. Poorly managed mental healthcare
7. “Politically Correct” pandering

4. Psychological perspectives, analysis such as trauma-informed practice

Some psychological perspectives and its application to reduce criminal behaviour 

Psychological viewpoints support significant insights into causes of root of criminal behaviour and contribute different frameworks for better prevention.

Biological Viewpoints

This prioritises the role of neurotransmitters, genetics and structure of the brain in shaping behaviour. Realising neurological abnormalities can help to better identify the involvement of individual risks in criminal behaviour (Khalifa et al. 2022). Public services can use neuroimaging techniques to design interventions. Research presents that abnormalities may provide aggression that predisposes each person to criminal acts. 

Psychodynamic viewpoints:

The psychodynamic viewpoint prioritises the defence mechanisms, unconscious mind and childhood experience in shaping effective behaviour. Traumatic experiences of childhood, dysfunctional dynamics of family and unresolved conflicts can provide criminal behaviour in life. Public services can notify underlying problems of psychology and minimise criminal conduct likelihood. 

Behavioural Viewpoint:

This perspective addresses observable behaviour and influence of behavioural punishment. Criminal behaviour is reinforced by different factors of the environment like violence exposure, peer pressure and socioeconomic obstacles. By developing techniques of modification of behaviour like positive reinforcement for consequences for public services can foster individuals to adopt acceptable behaviours socially. 

Cognitive Viewpoints:

This viewpoint checks how perceptions, thoughts and beliefs influence behaviour. The interventions of cognitive behaviour focus to obstacle these distortions that advertising cognitive systems and decision-making skills (Lent and Brown, 2020). This can contribute cognitive-behavioural therapy to help better develop alternative thinking ways and minimising criminal conduct likelihood.

Socio-cultural Viewpoints:

This perspective prioritises the cultural and social influencing factors on behaviour. These disparities, dynamics of community and cultural regulations impact the criminal behavioural prevalence with communities. Public services can advertise cultural sensitivity and contribute community-based interventions and notify systemic inequalities to minimise the factors of social and environmental risk associated with criminal conduct. 

Psychological perspectives application in Public Service

Early Intervention

Public services can use different assessments of psychology to identify risk of individuals involved in criminal behaviour. Professionals can examine different interventions to notify proper requirements and reduce factors of risks by analysing behavioural patterns, characteristics of individual and environmental factors. 

The outreach of community:

The initiatives of community policies leverage principles of psychology to promote collaboration, develop trust and encourage positive relationships between communities. Public services can make safer and cohesive neighbourhoods by developing prevention of crime, involving members of the community and notifying concerns. 

The program of restorative justice:

This program supports an alternative technique to measures by aiming on advertising accountability, repairing harm and restoring connections. These all programs advertise rehabilitation and minimise the rates of recidivism by fostering responsibility, facilitating dialogue and advertising realisation. 

The training of education:

The training programs of education and vocational play a valuable role in advertising reintegration and minimising recidivism into society. Public services support the pursuit of pathways in individuals to social inclusion (Allen and Farber, 2020). Psychologically interventions of education like cognitive-behavioural programs and equip individuals with effective resources are essential for reentry into the society. 

Analyse Ministry of Justice’s sufficient measures to address the require to adopt trauma-informed approach across its agencies

Without the access to specific measures of the ministry of justice it is very difficult to definitive assessment. Restorative justice is an approach to justice that concentrates on repairing harm caused by a conflict or crime by involving all parties affected. It aims to promote healing, accountability, and the restoration of relationships. When an individual has experienced a traumatic past, their self worth towards perception, along with safety, value and wellbeing shifts. Trauma-Informed Approach is all about restorative justice practices that take into account the potential trauma experienced by both the victim and the young offender (Avery et al., 2021). It recognizes that trauma can influence behaviour and decision-making and aims to create a safe and supportive environment for all participants. By providing a space for open communication, healing, and understanding, trauma-Informed Approach can help young offenders come to terms with their actions, address trauma, and develop a sense of responsibility and accountability. Through this process, agencies are more likely to have a positive reintegration into society and become active contributors to their communities. In this context, trauma-specific services are all about clinical interventions, whereas trauma-informed care handles organisational practice and culture.

Evidence 

Through restorative justice some benefits that victim could get across the agencies,

1. The victim regains control and feels empowered by actively expressing their needs and feelings (Pride et al., 2021)
2. Having an open dialogue with the offender helps victims understand the crime, and helps answer their questions, which can assist to deliver emotional healing or closure 
3. Offenders are required to make amends – either with fines, community service, or apologies – which delivers a perception of justice (Wall, 2021)
4. Community involvement assures that the victim gains extra support from the community, creating a stronger support network.

5. A rational conclusion influenced by findings 

It can be concluded that the combination of psychological perspectives, social learning theory and particularly Attachment Theory is necessary for the successful trauma execution practice enclosed by the Ministry of Justice. This study offer precious insights in to the primary mechanisms driving behaviour that pinpoint the effect of experiences which was gathered earlier and the social impact that an individual developed by knowing the critical compound interplay between social learning processes and social learning processes attachment pattern, in which people can understand that address the root origin of distress behaviour and prioritise rehabilitation over punitive measures.

Also by promoting a sympathetic environment and challenging the abnormal social norms the systems of Justice can donate to positive results for a person who is affected with trauma, ultimately decreasing laps rate and encouraging the safety of the community. It is also noted that successful performance is required for a total effort to merge psychological perspectives into practice and policy. That must ensure the trauma informed systems must be standard practice within every agency in the Justice system. The effective collaborative support and a commitment the confirmation based systems. Also the ministry of justice can cover the way for a more effective and compassionate approach to address the disparaging requirement of individual associated with the justice systems 

Reference list 

• Allen, J. and Farber, S., 2020. Planning transport for social inclusion: An accessibility-activity participation approach. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 78, p.102212.
• Avery, J.C., Morris, H., Galvin, E., Misso, M., Savaglio, M. and Skouteris, H., 2021. Systematic review of school-wide trauma-informed approaches. Journal of child & adolescent trauma, 14, pp.381-397.
• Barrett, K. and Stewart, I., (2021). A preliminary comparison of the efficacy of online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) stress management interventions for social and healthcare workers. Health & Social Care in the Community, 29(1), pp.113-126.
• Bosmans, G., Van Vlierberghe, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J., Kobak, R., Hermans, D. and van IJzendoorn, M.H., 2022. A learning theory approach to attachment theory: Exploring clinical applications. Clinical child and family psychology review, 25(3), pp.591-612.
• Case, S., Sutton, C., Monaghan, M., Greenhalgh, J. and Wright, J., 2022. Understanding preventative intervention in youth justice: Identifying and analysing programme theories.
• Cherniak, A.D., Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P.R. and Granqvist, P., (2021). Attachment theory and religion. Current Opinion in Psychology, 40, pp.126-130.
• Garloff, K., 2020. Trauma theory and transcultural empathy. The Routledge Companion to Literature and Trauma.
• Khalifa, N., Magee, T., Shirazi, S., Salman, S., Yang, C.C. and Mela, M., 2022. The neurocognitive profiles of justice-involved people with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Behavioral sciences & the law, 40(1), pp.87-111.
• Kim, S., Favotto, L., Halladay, J., Wang, L., Boyle, M.H. and Georgiades, K., 2020. Differential associations between passive and active forms of screen time and adolescent mood and anxiety disorders. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 55, pp.1469-1478.
• Lent, R.W. and Brown, S.D., 2020. Career decision making, fast and slow: Toward an integrative model of intervention for sustainable career choice. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 120, p.103448.
• McMinn, L.E., Akerman, G. and Gaffney, E., 2024. Healing trauma in a traumatising environment with young adult men. Journal of Men's Health, 20(1), pp.120-126.
• Pride, T., Lam, A., Swansburg, J., Seno, M., Lowe, M.B., Bomfim, E., Toombs, E., Marsan, S., LoRusso, J., Roy, J. and Gurr, E., 2021. Trauma-informed approaches to substance use interventions with indigenous peoples: A scoping review. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 53(5), pp.460-473.
• Rajkumar, R.P., (2020). Attachment theory and psychological responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review. Psychiatria Danubina, 32(2), pp.256-261.
• Spacey, M. and Thompson, N., 2022. Beyond individual trauma: towards a multi-faceted trauma-informed restorative approach to youth justice that connects individual trauma with family reparation and recognition of bias and discrimination. British Journal of Community Justice, 18(1), pp.18-35.
• Tran, N.H., (2021). The Efficacy of Traditional Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Depressed Adults with Anhedonia: A Systematic Review. T?p chí Khoa h?c xã h?i và Nhân v?n.
• Wall, C.R.G., 2021. Relationship over reproach: Fostering resilience by embracing a trauma-informed approach to elementary education. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 30(1), pp.118-137.
• Wilson, H., de Lima, E.S., Davis, G., Preece, C. and McBride, T., 2022. Understanding the potential of trauma-informed training in Violence Reduction Units.