Portfolio: Report And Reflective Statement Question

Introduction :Portfolio: Report And Reflective Statement

The Grenfell Tower Tragedy is widely regarded as a highly significant and devastating event within the context of recent British history. On the night of June 14, 2017, Grenfell Tower, a high-rise residential skyscraper located in West London, was engulfed by a significant fire incident. The conflagration that occurred in the tall structure resulted in a significant magnitude of devastation. A total of 72 individuals perished instantaneously as a result of the aforementioned occurrences, having sustained burns. Rescue crews evacuated a significant number of individuals who had experienced trauma from the location of the incident. The catastrophe as a whole elicited a strong emotional response of indignation and grief from the local community. 

These circumstances highlight the presence of various interconnected variables that contributed to the occurrence of this calamity. The occurrence not only prompted inquiries into many plausible causes of the fire, but also sparked an examination of the potential influence of political, social, and economic aspects. Following the occurrence of the catastrophe, various scholars are currently engaged in endeavours to comprehend the extent to which these tragedies might be regarded as instances of social harm. This paper encompasses a comprehensive examination of the Grenfell Tower incident, whereby various scholars have contributed diverse perspectives on ethical aspects and research methodologies. 

Question 1: The Grenfell Tower tragedy and social harm

Definition of the social harm

Social harm refers to the cumulative adverse consequences associated with disorderly or illegal actions, as well as interventions aimed at maintaining social order (Solanki, 2019). The term "harmful omissions or acts" pertains to actions or inactions that result in negative consequences for a significant community of individuals on a larger scale. These incidents often involve the influence of systematic and structural causes. The examination of social harm is closely interconnected with the realms of public policy, criminology, and sociology, as it primarily centres on the aspects of harm that arise from societal practices and structures (Fitzpatrick, 2021). The Grenfell Tower catastrophe offers valuable insights into the dimensions and implications of societal suffering in various facets. 

Act of social harm at Grenfell Tower

The Grenfell Tower tragedy has been viewed as a comprehensive instance of social harm (Tombs, 2019), encompassing various components that contribute to its tragic nature and the profound impact it has had on physical, psychological, relational, emotional, cultural, economic, and financial dimensions. 

Socioeconomic inequalities

Grenfell Tower was situated within the affluent district of Kensington and Chelsea in London, despite its occupancy being predominantly comprised of individuals with limited financial means. The tragic event brought attention to the significant socio-economic inequalities and the frequently disregarded requirements of lower-income populations in the realm of urban planning and housing policies.

Figure 1: The Grenfell Tower LSOA

(Source: Tombs, 2019b)

The data provided by the Government reveals a striking disparity between the highly impoverished region near Grenfell Tower and one of the wealthiest areas in the nation. The skyscraper is situated amid the highly unequal neighbourhoods of Kensington and Chelsea, where extreme poverty and prosperity coexist (Atkinson, 2021). The tower's neighbourhood was among England's top 10% most impoverished in 2015. In contrast, the wealthiest constituency in England is Kensington, which includes the majority of the local authority area. In this constituency, the typical terraced property sold for £4.3 million in 2016. Murray makes a comparison between the Grenfell Tower (LSOA E01002880) local area and 'Kings Road South,' an area in the borough known for its greater wealth (Tombs, 2020). This latter area is ranked between 96 and 97 percent in terms of least impoverished, placing it in the most advantaged decile for variables such as income, employment, education, and health. This location is among the top 1% of the most advantaged in terms of income, employment, and education.

Inadequate housing conditions

Figure 2: ACM cladding remediation work

(Source: Wainwright, 2019)

Grenfell Tower had long-standing maintenance problems prior to the disaster (Smith, 2023). The entire terrible occurrence in 2017 was linked to inadequate fire safety measures, maintenance concerns, and a subpar construction process. Asymmetry in the supply and demand, as well as structural concerns with working hours, lead to more general systemic challenges for the tower. The effects on responders, survivors, and community members' physical and mental health are significant and continuing (Naushad et al., 2019). The community has suffered tremendous social harm from the trauma and loss it has endured, which is made worse by worries about potential long-term health consequences from exposure to hazardous materials during the fire. 

London's 62 local authorities fall under the category of high-rise buildings. Every building department can save money by using the ACM cladding method. Depending on the size of the flat area, an enormous sum of money between £4,000 and £7,000 must be paid for the ACM cladding installation process (Wainwright, 2019). The lack of ACM cladding lowers the wall's level of fire resistance in Grenfell Tower. The aforementioned image illustrates the results regarding the ACM cladding that was not started, stated, and completed in several high-rise buildings in London after the Grenfell tragedy. 

Policy and Regulatory Implications

The incident caused the UK's building laws, fire safety rules, and housing policies to come under heavy fire (Siddiqui et al., 2021). It led to a review of regulatory frameworks, but detractors claim that change has been sluggish and insufficient, increasing the likelihood of more tragedies of this kind in the future. The coating of the structure was found to be highly flammable during the accident investigation, which played a major role in the fire spreading quickly. This suggests that safety regulations are being disregarded when choosing building materials and construction techniques, which raises grave concerns about putting cost savings ahead of the well-being of the occupants. The catastrophe was caused by a significant degree of inadequacy on the part of West London's regulatory bodies in a matter about the rules and regulations concerning fire safety that went unexecuted (Butler, 2020). The entire Grenfell Tower catastrophe can be attributed to the shortcomings of many regulatory authorities, particularly those that oversee fire safety and national government monitoring. 

Political implications

Following the Grenfell catastrophe, there has been a greater degree of public concern regarding the contribution of governmental policies and political actions to societal harm (Tombs, 2019b). In these respects, the maintenance, provision, and enhancement of housing by various local councils may not be the primary focus of London government initiatives. Separate local councils maintain their "arm's length" housing or building organisation to control their stock level, while other local councils share their stocks without governmental associations. In the US and Dubai, cladding materials like the one used in Grenfell Tower are essentially forbidden (Yuen et al., 2021). These factors indicate that the catastrophic Grenfell Tower fire is mostly being caused by political and governmental ramifications. 

In order to comprehend the causes and effects of the catastrophic disaster in West London, various academics have appropriately attempted to investigate all of the aspects linked to the context of Grenfell Tower that have been described above. 

Investigation of the Grenfell Tower Tragedy by Different Research Methods

Various research studies have been conducted by different institutions, academics, and individual investigators to gain a comprehensive understanding of the Grenfell Tower fire accident in West London. These research endeavours have employed diverse research methods in order to acquire a thorough level of knowledge and comprehension regarding the incident. The research method is governed by ethical concerns in order to ensure the well-being and dignity of all impacted communities and survivors in the Grenfell Tower fire catastrophe. 

The utilisation of qualitative research methods has emerged as a prominent approach in the study of the significant fire incident at Grenfell Tower. The utilisation of a secondary qualitative data analysis approach was employed in accordance with the study conducted by Long, Majumdar, and Carter (2022). All researchers conducted a secondary examination of various released data pertaining to the Grenfell Tower public inquiry process. Long, Majumdar, and Carter (2022) conducted a study wherein they transcribed interviews with various survivors and their families, which were accessible on the general inquiry website of Grenfell. The study employed a random systematic approach to select a total of 72 transcripts, all of which were accessible as of February 1, 2019, prior to the reading period. The transcripts analysed in this study method have not been excluded by the researchers. A sample size of 30% is often regarded as adequate for conducting a comprehensive analysis of the factors contributing to the occurrence of the catastrophe. According to Iglesias-Mendoza et al. (2021), the transcripts that were chosen for study were allocated into three distinct categories. These categories include transcripts from individuals who were present inside the tower throughout the event, comprising 42 samples. Additionally, there were 19 samples from eyewitnesses who were not located within the tower, and 11 samples from relatives of individuals who were inside the tower. 

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The study procedure of Long, Majumdar, and Carter (2022) employs the framework analysis approach, namely in the form of thematic analysis. The study procedure employed a thematic analysis approach to get insights into the mapping and management of various data related to the Grenfell Tower catastrophe. The utilisation of descriptive and exploratory analysis, along with iterative and continual comprehensive interview transcript processes, facilitates effective data management for researchers involved in this study endeavour. The coding framework employed in the research conducted by Long, Majumdar, and Carter (2022) was further utilised by additional researchers affiliated with the UK rescue and fire services during the construction of the closing theme framework analysis procedure. 

Mohamed et al. (2019) employed an inductive reasoning strategy in their research study to develop a preliminary and refined hypothesis. The utilisation of triangulation in both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods facilitates the comprehensive addressing of research inquiries throughout the entirety of the research process. Mohamed et al (2019) employed a multi-methodological approach to examine the analysis process of interpretivist and positivist paradigms in relation to the research process about the Grenfell Tower catastrophe. The research process encompasses three primary forms of research, which are essential from an operational standpoint. These include the utilisation of pilot study instruments to facilitate the data gathering process, the implementation of the main survey study, and the administration of expert interviews at various stages. Questionnaires serve as a valuable tool for eliciting the perceptions and viewpoints of each participant within the context of the research process. A pilot test is employed within the context of this study endeavour to ascertain the optimal duration for the comprehensive research method concerning the Grenfell Tower disaster. In a study conducted by Mohamed et al. (2019), a snowball sampling technique was employed to facilitate the selection of participants for the primary research phase. Additionally, it is employed to ensure the attainment of representative samples for the purpose of administering questionnaires. Conversely, the research methodology incorporates an expert interview procedure to comprehensively ascertain the underlying factors contributing to the extensive fire incident at the Grenfell Tower. This approach involves engaging many building experts associated with the Grenfell Tower (Guillaume et al., 2020). 

Numerous scholars employed an interdisciplinary research methodology to examine the Grenfell Tower fire catastrophe that occurred in 2017. This interdisciplinary study methodology integrates diverse research methods from several domains like urban planning, criminology, sociology, public policy, pedology, and others. According to Stec et al (2019), multidisciplinary research methodologies offer valuable assistance to researchers in identifying, comprehending, and navigating the inherent vulnerability of several multifaceted perspectives in relation to this significant calamity. The researchers involved in this interdisciplinary research strategy gather soil samples from six specific places located 1.2 kilometres next to the site where Grenfell Tower was burned. In addition, various soil samples, including char samples and partially burned fire trash, are gathered within a timeframe ranging from 1 to 6 months following the incidents, in order to facilitate the completion of the research.

The archival research procedure encompassed the systematic examination of various governmental data, official papers, historical data, and records pertaining to the Grenfell Tower incident in West London. During the course of their research endeavour, the researchers made an effort to thoroughly examine a diverse array of genuine papers, encompassing regulatory records, government reports, safety measuring assessments, and correspondence. According to the research conducted by Burgum (2020), the fire at Grenfell Tower serves as a symbolic representation of the unequal urban landscape, wherein issues of entitlement and ownership are intricately intertwined with the aesthetic and material aspects of the surrounding environment. Burgum (2020) employed an archival research methodology to analyse diverse datasets obtained from the UK government. During the post-war era, the British government has utilised Cabinet meetings, communications data, memos, and official minutes for various purposes. The utilisation of the Genealogical approach in this research endeavour facilitates the exploration of several documented discourses pertaining to property and housing throughout post-war squatting movements. The research procedure facilitates the identification of government-issued regulations pertaining to property development.

The strategy employed by Burgum (2020) was chosen due to its ability to offer a thorough and historical framework pertaining to building management, regulatory supervision, and building maintenance oversight. This methodology offers assistance in identifying several longstanding deficiencies and problems pertaining to documents, records, and correspondence that have significantly contributed to this extensive catastrophe. The study approach also facilitates the identification of cost-cutting measures, while disregarding the consideration of various resident concerns and significant regulatory deficiencies that contributed to internal problems in these events. The utilisation of the archival research methodology facilitates comprehension of the systematic characteristics of the tragedy, while also furnishing insights into endeavours to uphold justice, enact policy reforms, and establish accountability to mitigate the likelihood of similar incidents occurring in the future (Service.gov.uk, 2021). 

Ethical Consideration

In the study process, all researchers must get voluntary and informed consent from all subjects involved. Beswick (2022) offers a comprehensive elucidation of the research process about the Grenfell Tower incident, encompassing a thorough examination of various types of risks associated with said research process. Through the provision of comprehensive information on consent, all participants are equipped with an understanding of their rights to consent. It is explicitly stated that all participants possess the ability to revoke their consent at any given point.

The researchers employed trauma-informed procedures and provided helpful referrals and resources during the data collecting and interview process, to minimise re-traumatization and harm. 

Community participation has a pivotal function in enhancing the level of trust among all members of the impacted community within the context of this research method. The researchers demonstrate sensitivity, respect, and cultural competency in their engagement with each participant throughout the research process. Additionally, they possess an understanding of the individual requirements of each participant as they relate to the performed research (Bulley and Brassett, 2020). Collaboration and co-design are widely recognised as integral components of qualitative research methodologies, particularly in relation to community engagement procedures.

The level of respect for other perspectives is often enhanced through the research process, as it brings together a wide range of skills and viewpoints. Ensuring the adherence to appropriate ethical principles and standards is of utmost importance in the research process, since it entails providing value and respecting all opinions. 

Effective Communication Process: Researchers from all disciplines must possess a comprehensive understanding of the appropriate communication process, which should adhere to ethical protocols, principles, and norms (Arewa et al., 2021). All parts have been mentioned to ensure the ethical norms associated with the entirety of the research process. 

By ethical protocols, the necessary steps were taken to ensure coordination with the ethical review process. In an interdisciplinary study, the researchers must coordinate the ethical review process to ensure compliance with ethical norms throughout the research process. This procedure serves to check the adherence to ethical standards. 

The aforementioned study methodologies and approaches encompass a comprehensive level of integrity, openness, and welfare for all participants, by ethical principles (Long, Majumdar, & Carter, 2022). Researchers must establish a hierarchical framework that assigns priority levels to the rights and dignity of individuals throughout the entirety of the study process. It is imperative for individuals to actively engage in comprehending the Grenfell Tower Tragedy. 

Question 2: The reflective learning statement 

While engaging in an independent study of the research process surrounding the Grenfell Tower catastrophe, I have gained valuable insights into the concept of social damage, as well as the associated research methods and ethical considerations. This endeavour has provided me with a significant level of expertise and understanding in this field. The study approach afforded me a profound and valuable opportunity to delve into the multifaceted dimensions of social suffering resulting from the significant conflagration that occurred in the aforementioned building in 2017. I possess the ability to discern various area-based learning abilities and significant insights that align with qualitative, quantitative, archival, and interdisciplinary research approaches. This study process also facilitates the identification of potential future study prospects, specifically in relation to my familiarity and proficiency with various research approaches. 

Understanding the Grenfell Tower tragedy and social harm

The research approach provided me with a profound comprehension of the Grenfell Tower disaster in relation to societal harm. This analysis has shown that the harm done to society is not limited to the actions of individual people. Social harm includes a range of socioeconomic disparities, poor living circumstances, regulatory failures, and political fallout. Since every element contributes to the enormous and terrible consequences, it is clear how intertwined they are. Regarding the social harm that goes beyond isolated criminal acts, numerous important lessons can be drawn. This harm encompasses a wider scope, including structural and regulatory issues, justice concerns, political implications, and socio-economic challenges that adversely affect entire communities or multiple individuals. 

Research methods and approaches

This study offers an examination of a diverse range of research approaches and methodologies employed to gain an understanding of the catastrophic fire incident and the pre-data collection procedures. Various research methods employed in the investigative process serve to elucidate distinct factors and causes underlying the occurrence of accidents. 

The qualitative research approach allows for an appreciation of the comprehensive and in-depth analytical process inherent in various qualitative research methods. Conducting interviews with eyewitnesses, stakeholders, and survivors is a valuable source of personal narratives. These narratives, characterised by their politeness and emotional perspectives, serve to shed light on the experiences of individuals affected by the tragedy in the specific area. 

The utilisation of a quantitative research method allows for the examination of statistical data about the incident environment, hence facilitating a comprehensive understanding of the broader social harm. I have acquired knowledge about the social harm pattern and the varying impact levels associated with them across different domains. This methodology offers an empirical basis for comprehending the entirety of the prospectus about the catastrophe and its associated social ramifications. 

The present prospectus elucidates the significance of the historical background in the research methodology, specifically focusing on archival research. The utilisation of these research methodologies facilitates the exploration of various governmental regulation documents, historical context, and official records about the systemic failure that lead to the extensive fire incident at Grenfell Tower. The research methodology employed in this study facilitates the comprehension of various forms of regulatory negligence that persist over time inside regulatory agencies and local management organisations.

The utilisation of an interdisciplinary research method facilitates the comprehension of the extent of collaboration among different areas of expertise and distinct fields to gain insight into the primary cause of the incident. The complex character of the criteria associated with this method offers a significant answer and a thorough level of transformation in the context of the prospectus of the Grenfell Tower catastrophe. 

The exploration of several research approaches in this context has enhanced my comprehension of the diverse instruments utilised for analysing extensive quantitative data, which offer valuable insights into the multifaceted aspects and associated concerns of the Grenfell Tower catastrophe. Improving my research abilities through the utilisation of qualitative and quantitative research methods enables me to effectively collect diverse and pertinent data about the Grenfell Tower catastrophe. In my perspective, the utilisation of transdisciplinary and archive research methodology may be seen as less appropriate when compared to the quantitative and qualitative research strategy in various data collection processes. 

The primary focus of this context revolves around the ethical considerations inherent in the entire research process. The primary focus of my learning derived from this study prospectus is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the ethical considerations associated with this delicate research procedure. The utilisation of informed consent allows for the researcher to establish assurance regarding the participants' engagement in the study process. I have also noted the imperative of cultivating ethical awareness in order to safeguard disadvantaged communities from the potential risks associated with this research endeavour. The privacy and secrecy level maintenance prospectus offers a comprehensive awareness of the regulatory failures, negligence involvement, and political decision-making processes that are revealed to all participants and I have acquired knowledge that the incorporation of harm avoidance and community involvement elements enhances the efficacy of data collecting within the context of this research. The comprehensive examination of ethical considerations in the prospectus ensures the maintenance of credibility and integrity throughout the study process.

Specific steps for skill development 

I will make a concerted effort to enhance my proficiency in conducting research using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, with a focus on fostering a positive and intentional attitude. Engaging in collaborations during the research process, as well as participating in various courses and workshops, offer valuable opportunities to expand my skill set. However, I am committed to collaborating with esteemed researchers in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of research methodologies, while also benefiting from their essential suggestions and insights. Engaging in diverse ethical training programmes, demonstrating a dedication to ongoing learning, and actively participating in additional research projects contribute to the enhancement of my research skills. 

Conclusion 

The occurrence of a significant fire incident in the Grenfell Tower located in West London during the mid-year of 2017 illustrates a salient notion about social detriment. Various researchers employed a range of research methods, such as qualitative, quantitative, archival, and interdisciplinary approaches, to investigate the Socioeconomic inequalities, Inadequate housing conditions, Regulatory failures, and Political implications associated with the Grenfell Tower tragedy. The ethical considerations of various research methodologies centre around principles such as informed consent, confidentiality, safeguarding vulnerable groups, and mitigating potential harm within the study process. This report furthermore culminated in a comprehensive comprehension of the societal detriment through the examination of several study methodologies, along with the provision of alternatives for skill enhancement. This study also adds to the comprehension of intricate societal difficulties while adhering to various ethical standards of the greatest calibre. 

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