Mental Healthcare For BAME Community Assignment Sample

Introduction Of Mental Healthcare For BAME Community

Mental health is the area of inequality that will be selected for the topic from the six areas of inequality. The topic for the study is “Inequal access to mental healthcare for BAME community”. This topic of inequality is selected since it has been observed that healthcare professionals and policies in the UK have often been supportive to the cause of white British residents at the expense of the mental health and well-being of the BAME community. This is evidenced by the fact that more than 93% of the patients in the BAME community have witnessed neglect and discrimination from mental health service providers in UK (O'Hara, 2014). Furthermore, there is a prevalence of instances where the patients from the BAME community have prioritised the treatment of white British Residents.

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1. Title: Perceived barriers to accessing mental health services among black and minority ethnic (BME) communities: a qualitative study in Southeast England

According to Memon et al. (2016), “the waiting time for initial assessment for the BME community has been longer, which can go up to 6 months” (p.6). This finding is useful to the study as the forms of inequality for the BME community when it comes to the treatment of mental health is quite varied and this finding identifies long waiting times for initial assessment as a major type of inequality that is faced by the BAME community. This is important as the knowledge of such form of inequality indicates the section of the mental healthcare service that needs improvement and enhance the service efficiency. The findings of the paper also indicate that the mental health patients belonging from the BAME community have experienced insensitive behaviour from the mental healthcare professionals. This is one of the major strengths of the paper as most of the findings from other peer-reviewed journals focus on the use of language barrier as a form of inequality, however, this paper has vividly described the deployment of insensitive behaviour as a malicious means of discriminating BAME patients and aggregating mental health inequality. Ruparelia, (2019) has supported that the discrimination of mental health service access has a positive association with the negligent behaviour. One of the major strengths of the paper is the use of 18-year-olds and above as the inclusion criteria for the focus group. It is because, according to Chui et al. (2021), more than 5% and 2% of the patients who are aged above 18 years in the Black African and Asian communities have been recipients of mental health inequality. However, the use of only 26 participants in the sample size is a major weakness as it is very limited population for drawing accurate inferences about diverse forms of mental health inequality, faced by the BAME community.

2. Title: Understanding ethnic inequalities in mental healthcare in the UK: A meta-ethnography

According to Bansal et al. (2022), the prevalence of institutional racism has been the major cause behind the negative experiences of mental healthcare treatments amongst the patients of the BAME community as compared to the white British Group (p.3). This finding is helpful as it helps identify that mental health organisations have failed to inculcate cross-cultural exchanges between patients and healthcare providers. This is quite important as this particular finding suggests that the inclusion practice is a critical area of service improvement for mental health care providers in the UK. In the findings of Ajayi et al. (2021), it is supported that the lack of workplace diversity has led to the instances where patients of Asian and Black communities have been subjected to racist attitude from nurses and attendants. From the works of Bansal et al. (2022), it is also observed that the existing statutory approaches and policies have also been a major factor in driving mental health inequality for the BME community. It is one of the major strengths of the study as most of the papers emphasize the gap in mental healthcare practices of the service providers which leads to mental health inequality, however, this paper sheds light on the gap in statutory policies that results in the prevalence of mental health inequality for the BAME community. Another major strength of this article is the deployment of an ethnography approach. It is because the identification of the mental health inequalities in the BAME community requires the integration of ethnographic data and such requirements are met by the meta-ethnography approach as the approach assists in combining qualitative research with the ethnography data. In the findings of Sattar et al. (2021), it is supported that the use of the meta-ethnography approach has been successful in conducting patient outcome-based research for identifying ethnographic differences. However, one of the major weaknesses of the paper is that it lacks the use of primary data analysis. It is because the primary research would have provided more statistical illustration in terms of user experience of the BAME community, and perceived discrimination from the mental healthcare workers.

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Conclusion

The findings indicate that the longer waiting time for initial assessment and institutional racism are the major factors that have led to the mental health inequality in the BAME community. It is also observed that mental health inequality also persists due to the insensitive behaviour of healthcare professionals. Even though, the lack of statutory policies has been highlighted as a major driver of the mental health inequality for BAME.

Future Research

However, further extensive research could be done on the diverse policy types to gain proper insight on its effect on mental health inequality for BAME. This is one of the aspects that could be interesting as it will provide information on how the changes in statutory mental health policies would drive inclusion-based practices within healthcare service providers and reduce mental health inequality.

Section B- Reflection

The process of finding the research article was a bit challenging but after identifying the community, it became interesting. Initially, I was not able to identify which community has been the recipient to inequal mental health services. However, after going through news articles like BBC and the Guardian, I came to realise that the BAME community was suffering from unequal mental health access. It was quite intriguing to know that there are diverse types of health access inequality that are prevalent in the UK. In an attempt to find articles, the keywords of mental health inequality, BAME community in the UK and racial discrimination were used as search engine terminologies. PubMed, NCBI and Medline were used as databases. I have selected them for the research as I think they are very reliable sources that provide accurate information on healthcare-based topics. The articles which had a sample population that are based in the UK was considered as inclusion criteria. I have opted for this inclusion criteria as when I was researching about the BAME community, I observed that the significance of unequal access to healthcare for the BAME community is prevalent in the UK. The peer-reviewed journals that were published before 2015 have been excluded and posed as the exclusion criteria. The two peer-reviewed journal that I have used has been published in 2016 and 2022.

References

• Ajayi, O., 2021. A perspective on health inequalities in BAME communities and how to improve access to primary care.Future Healthcare Journal,8(1), p.36.
• Bansal, N., Karlsen, S., Sashidharan, S.P., Cohen, R., Chew-Graham, C.A. and Malpass, A., 2022. Understanding ethnic inequalities in mental healthcare in the UK: A meta-ethnography.PLoS Medicine,19(12), p.e1004139.
• Chui, Z., Gazard, B., MacCrimmon, S., Harwood, H., Downs, J., Bakolis, I., Polling, C., Rhead, R. and Hatch, S.L., 2021. Inequalities in referral pathways for young people accessing secondary mental health services in south-east London.European child & adolescent psychiatry,30(7), pp.1113-1128.
• Memon, A., Taylor, K., Mohebati, L.M., Sundin, J., Cooper, M., Scanlon, T. and De Visser, R., 2016. Perceived barriers to accessing mental health services among black and minority ethnic (BME) communities: a qualitative study in Southeast England.BMJ open,6(11), p.e012337.
• O'Hara, M., 2014. Mental health and race – the blight of dual discrimination | Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/mar/26/black-minority-ethnic-mental-health-dual-discrimination (Accessed: 26 June 2023).
• Ruparelia, R., 2019. 'I Didn't Mean it that Way!': Racial Discrimination as Negligence.Racial Discrimination as Negligence,44, p.2d.
• Sattar, R., Lawton, R., Panagioti, M. and Johnson, J., 2021. Meta-ethnography in healthcare research: a guide to using a meta-ethnographic approach for literature synthesis.BMC health services research,21, pp.1-13.