Leadership and Management Sample

Introduction: Leadership and Management

Leadership and management are important aspects of the organization by which common goal and vision of the business can be achieved. Moreover, for the following assessment ZARA a retail company has been selected. ZARA was first established in 1975 Spain and known for fast fashion clothing. Nevertheless, it will examine the effect of different leadership and management style on the organizational culture.

Further, it will focus on various aspects of the leadership and management style with the example of various companies. Moreover, an examination of Handy and Tough-guy machos factored that influence development of culture and impact organization performance will be done. Nevertheless, it will develop motivational strategies for continued improvement of company productivity. Lastly, the effectiveness and recommendations for enhancing performance will be mentioned.

PART 1

Leadership and management theories and models with their impact on organization

There are different kinds of management and leadership theory, model or principle that affect the organization productively and decision making. Moreover some of them are as follows:

2.1 Definitions of leader and manager

A leader is someone who motivates and encourages the team to work together so the goal and vision of the company can be achievable. Moreover, a manager not only lead but manages the whole department and ensures the availability of the resources.

2.2 soft skill and hard skill

Leadership and management style of ZARA

ZARA is one of the famous brands for fast fashion in the retail industry that tend to follow transformational leadership style or management and decision making. Moreover, the transformational leadership help the organization to cope up with the industry trends and the fast fashion (Budur and Poturak, 2021). Nevertheless, ZARA also encourage its employees to keep learning new skill and knowledge at the same time keep update themselves with the industry trends as well. Further, this leadership skill increase the efficiently in the retail industry as they are surely one of the biggest producer of fast fashion by focusing in the consumer behaviour.

Moreover, transformational leadership have big contribution in organization decision making. Nevertheless, it makes a positive and progressive work environment in the organisation which also increases the rate of relation in employees. Further, in the context of decision making as ZARA management style focus on consumer behaviour it make it easy for them to analyse the situation and come to conclusion. At the same time the Transformational leadership encourage the management to make decision regarding growth and development.

Different leadership theory regarding management activities

Other than transformational there are various more leadership style used by different organization to manage the actives and achieve goals. Some of them are like transactional leadership in which the system of punishment used to increase the productivity of the organization (Vasilescu, 2019). Moreover, McDonald has been known to use this style from a long time to encourage and motivate its employees to meet their common goal. Nevertheless, with the goal of reducing wastages and increasing the sales it also help the company decoction making. Than the situation leadership that help the leader to change and adjust according to the requirements.

Main while Google have been using this leadership style to manage and overcome threat and weakness. Further, situational leadership help Google to make decision by focusing on the client, employee and stakeholder needs and demand. Moreover, emotional leadership style helps the leader to manage the emotion of their and team. Nevertheless, Microsoft used this leadership style to create a position work environment and maintain a work life Balance. Further, it has helped the company in decision making and increase the productivity of the organization.

2.3 Analysis of Various management theories and their impact on large organizations example and their impact on effectiveness and decision making

Management theory helps the organization to management and impact the progress of the company. There are various types of theories and some of them are like Administrative theory given by Henry Fayol. Moreover, this theory focus on the organizational structure and the human behaviour to increase the productivity if the business. Nevertheless, it includes the leadership activity that focuses on planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling (Kaul, 2020). Further, leaders need to provide clear instruction and necessary to the employees that will directly impact the organization efficiency.

Further, the scientific theory given by Fredrick Taylor that focuses on time and motion to identify a perfect way to accomplished the task. While in the leadership activity the manager has to train and hire the employees according to the need. Nevertheless, this theory directly impacts on output and cost saving while maximizing efficiency. Further, Role management theory, given by Henry Mitzberg, describes three managerial roles as informational, interpersonal and decisional (Carroll, et. al, 2020). Moreover, those roles define different responsibility of leadership, monitoring and distribution of resource. Nevertheless, directly impact on manager to identify and perform their task efficiently and help the organization to achieve common goal.

2.4 Comparison of leadership and management activities in different organization

Different leadership and management styles with their application in various business situations

There are different leadership and management styles that get apply in various business situations of different organizations. Some of the major styles are like:

Transformational leadership: The transformational leadership help the manager to stay progressive and up to date with the employees. Moreover, it encourages the employee to achieve that is beyond the expectation. Nevertheless, this leadership style can be used in a situation where the organizations want to implement new strategy or technological advancement. Further, the decision making process can take longer due to its collaborative nature. Moreover, transformational leadership encourage the employee to participate in decision making that will help the organization to come up with innovative ideas.

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Autocratic leadership: In this the decision making get central that help in making the process quick and come to a conclusion soon. Moreover, this type of leadership can help a business at the situation where a quick and clear decision needed. Nevertheless, it can be applied in the emergency situation to make quick decision without getting any suggestion or focus on immediate action (Caillier, 2020). Moreover, this leadership style also helps the employee to have a clear order and roles to perform. Nevertheless, that impacts the company to grow and develop and face any kind of upcoming challenges as well.

2.5 The importance of culture and the role leader and manager

Handy and Tough-Guy machos factor that development of the culture and organizational performance

Handy and Tough-Guy macho is a type of culture in which risk get managed and get feedbacks on the decision as well. Moreover this type of culture helps the employees to develop more skill in the respective field to stay in such environment. Nevertheless, the focus of this culture remains on leadership, competitiveness and risk (Sokolova, Madiyarova and Pshikhacheva, 2020). Further organization related to sports, fast fashion, and finance usually uses this approach for developing a competitive culture in the internal environment. Moreover, this culture helps the company to make quick decision and motivate individual to achieve the goal of the organizations.

For example in the financial company the sales team thrive to complete the target and optimize the ultimate output. Moreover, in the context of Sports Company because of the intense competition in the market the management create a competitive environment in the work culture to the employee can use their full potential. By which the organization can make strong brand reputation in the industry as well (Harris, 2023). Further, in the situation where business based in Fast fashion what to focus on customer behaviour to make clothes according to their preference. So this culture will help them to stay competitive in the industry and improve the employee performance as well.

2.6 Critical reflection on the impact of leadership and management

Leadership and management approaches, theory their impact on organization performance and culture

There are various leadership and management approaches and there theory, principle that have impact on the organization performance and culture. Moreover some of them are like democratic leadership in which the company the leader involve employees in the decision making. Nevertheless, the leader takes the opinion and suggestion of the employee that develop an open and collaborative culture (Nurjannah and Andriani, 2023). Further, this style increases the innovation and new ideas in the company to work on.

Moreover, Transactional leadership in which manager use punishment and reward to encourage the employees. By which the performance of the employee can be improved but for a short or limited time. Moreover, it creates restrictive culture in the organization that can either encourage or restrict employees. Further, Servant leadership emphasizes on optimizing potential to reach their common goal. By which a collaborative culture develop and the productivity of the employee can be improved. Nevertheless, a trust build between the employee and leader by the employee can work for freely. At the same time the employees and leader can collaborative to achieve there common goals and organizational vision.

PART 2

Developing a motivational strategy to optimize organization performance and improvement

Motivational strategy help the employees to stay focused and motivated toward their roles and responsibility. Moreover, there are various motivational strategy to optimise the organization performance and continues improvement. Nevertheless the motivational approaches can be applicable for the management and leadership approaches as well.

3.1 Motivational strategy with theory based on content and process to ensure organizational achievement and objective

Some of the motivational strategies with theory by which organization goals and objective can be achieved are like:

Herzbergs two-factor theory of motivation: According to the Herzberg there are some factors in the workplace that cause satisfaction ad dissatisfaction in employee in job. Moreover, those factors have a great influence have great impact on an employee job relation as well. It is also a part of content based motivational theory. That was further divided into two parts like motivators and hygiene (Bhatt, Chitranshi and Mehta, 2022). That has divided all the factors. Further, the motivator includes the entire factor like reorganization, perks, and opportunities for growth and continues learning. Meanwhile, the hygiene include factor like company policies, compensation, work pressure and work condition. Herzberg theory helps the management to provide work life balance to the employees.

Reinforcement theory of motivation: Reinforcement theory focus on the behaviour change on the employees in the workplace. Moreover this theory also suggests that the company can change the behaviour of the individual by punishment or rewards. Nevertheless, reinforcement theory of motivation focuses on the internal behaviour of the employees. Further, this theory is the part of process based motivation that emphasis on the directing the action toward the need (Reinforcement Theory, 2023.). This theory can also help ZARA to successfully implement different leadership and management style. Moreover, like the Autocratic leadership by which the management can implement this style by focusing on the behaviour of the employee.

3.2 Motivational strategy with variable of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to enhance organizational performance

A motivational strategy can be developed using the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation variable that will enhance the organizational performance. The Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation variable are like:

Intrinsic motivation strategy: Intrinsic include the variable that focus on the internal behaviour of the individual like interest, motivation, recognition and rewards. Those variables directly impact the job satisfaction and productivity of the employees. Moreover, with the help of that variable on focus the organization can make a motivation strategy to enhance the company performance (Empirical Study on Intrinsic Motivation Factors of Employees in Transition Economies, 2019). Nevertheless, the motivational strategy will include the focus on the employee behaviour and action. Further, the management of ZARA can use rewards and recognition to motivate the employees that will increase there satisfaction toward and job. Lastly, it will eventually with the employees the organization productivity will also enhance.

Extrinsic motivational strategy: The extrinsic motivational include the variable that impact an employees like company policies, compensation, training session and higher salary. Moreover the company can use those variables to make a motivational strategy to enhance the work performance of organization and employees. Nevertheless, Like while implementing ay new style of the leadership or changing anything in the organization the management can motivate the employees (Paais and Pattiruhu, 2020). Further, with the strategy the employees of ZARA can stay motivated to cope up with the changes and face challenges while adopting. For example, the management can increase the salary or make good employee polices to encourage them to retain and use their potential.

3.3 Leadership and management method to handle performance and improvement in business different

Leadership and management method is used to handle organization performance and improve the different business setting. The business setting like conflict resolution, adopt change and culture awareness. Some of the leadership approaches like situation style is used by leader to change the roles and regulation according to the situation. So as the industry is changing with time and consumer preference it will help the management to adopt the changes without facing many challenges (Wuryani, et. al, 2021). Nevertheless the management can also handle the any emergency situation efficiently as well. Moreover, the transformational leadership style emphasis on the employee engagement in the decision making.

Further, this leadership style can help the worker and management of ZARA to adopt or learn about new culture. Nevertheless, the new a skill to adopt the new culture quickly is essential in the today industry. At the same time the transformational leadership is more likely to be suitable according to the current situation (What is transformational leadership: A model for motivating innovation, 2022). Moreover, the Inspiring leadership help the leader to positively motivate and inspire the team to achieve the goal and vision of the organization. At the same time implementing the inspiring leadership model will be easy for the leader as well. Nevertheless, the leadership style also creates a positive environment in the office that can solve any kind of conflicts or misunderstanding. Further, the business have continues progress in the industry while facing all kind of challenges in future.

3.4 Effectiveness of leadership and management strategies in promoting continuous improvement

The leadership and management strategies have effective on the organization and promote continue improvement. Moreover, the leadership style of the organization manages the daily operations which are why identifying and implementing it is essential. Nevertheless, for continues improvement it is important to established good strategy to manage the resources, employees and other variables of the organization (George, Walker and Monster, 2019). For example the management of ZARA leadership strategy have a clear vision and goal by which the employee can have a sense of direction. Further, the company empower and engage the employees so the efficiency can be improved. Moreover, a good strategy helps business to work efficiently and make a market position as well.

Recommendations for enhancing performance

• As ZARA is known for Fast fashion they can work on supply chain management to enhance the performance widely. Moreover, so the customer can have right product at right time.
• Moreover, the company can adopt some new technology for data analysis to focus on the consumer behaviour more efficiently (Bag, Gupta and Kumar, 2021). Nevertheless, the data can used in decision making to reach the excitation of the customers.
• Further, Because of the fast fashion clothes the company is generating lot of wastages and pollution in the environment. So the company should implement sustainable practises to retain and attract the customer while minimizing the negative effects.
• Lastly, ZARA should focus on the expansion of business and make strategies to enter in a new market. That will help the company to maintain the core values and increase the base of customers as well.

CONCLUSION

The assessment has focused on the leadership and management style and strategies. Moreover, an overview of ZARA relating to transformational leadership and its effects was outlined. Nevertheless, with different style likes Transactional and situational with existing organization example have been mention. Further, with some management theory like scientific and administrative with different leadership style like transformative and theory application on business have been describe. Moreover, an examination of Handy and tough-guy machos factor has been done with critically evaluation of leadership approaches and their impact on organization culture.

Further, motivational theory using process and content theory with compressive strategy with the help of intrinsic and extrinsic have been explain to enhance organization performance. Moreover, application of situational and inspiring leadership helps in improving performance and business setting like conflicts, change and culture awareness. Lastly effectiveness of management strategies to enhance the performance with some recommendation for enhancing ZARA product and services was mentioned.

References

Books and Journals

• Bag, S., Gupta, S. and Kumar, S., 2021. Industry 4.0 adoption and 10R advance manufacturing capabilities for sustainable development. International journal of production economics, 231, p.107844.
• Bhatt, N., Chitranshi, J. and Mehta, M., 2022. Testing Herzberg's two factor theory on millennials. Cardiometry, (22), pp.231-236.
• Budur, T. and Poturak, M., 2021. Transformational leadership and its impact on customer satisfaction. Measuring mediating effects of organisational citizenship behaviours. Middle East Journal of Management, 8(1), pp.67-91.
• Caillier, J.G., 2020. Testing the influence of autocratic leadership, democratic leadership, and public service motivation on citizen ratings of an agency heads performance. Public Performance & Management Review, 43(4), pp.918-941.
• Carroll, A.B., Adler, N.J., Mintzberg, H., Cooren, F., Suddaby, R., Freeman, R.E. and Laasch, O., 2020. What “are” responsible management? A conceptual potluck. The research handbook of responsible management, pp.56-72.
• George, B., Walker, R.M. and Monster, J., 2019. Does strategic planning improve organizational performance? A meta?analysis. Public Administration Review, 79(6), pp.810-819.
• Harris, T., 2023. Literature Review: What Is Culture?. Competition Culture and Corporate Finance: A Measure of Firms Competition Culture Based on a Textual Analysis of 10-K Filings, pp.17-44.
• Kaul, K., 2020. Administrative Theories: Comparison between Classical and Scientific Management Theory. Issue 3 Int'l JL Mgmt. & Human., 3, p.1498.
• Nurjannah, N.S. and Andriani, D., 2023. The Influence of Democratic Leadership Style, Team Work and Work Discipline on Employee Morale. Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review, 18(1), pp.10-21070.
• Paais, M. and Pattiruhu, J.R., 2020. Effect of motivation, leadership, and organizational culture on satisfaction and employee performance. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(8), pp.577-588.
• Sokolova, M., Madiyarova, D. and Pshikhacheva, A., 2020. 19 Organizational Culture in the Corporate Governance System. Corporate Governance in Russia: Quo Vadis?, 3, p.213.
• Vasilescu, M., 2019. Leadership styles and theories in an effective management activity. Annals-Economy Series, 4, pp.47-52.
• Wuryani, E., Rodlib, A., Sutarsib, S., Dewib, N. and Arifb, D., 2021. Analysis of decision support system on situational leadership styles on work motivation and employee performance. Management Science Letters, 11(2), pp.365-372.
• Online
• Empirical Study on Intrinsic Motivation Factors of Employees in Transition Economies. 2019. Online. Available through: < https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339077352_Empirical_Study_on_Intrinsic_Motivation_Factors_of_Employees_in_Transition_Economies#:~:text=From%20our%20research%20we%20found,the%20job%20interesting%20or%20not. >
• Reinforcement Theory. 2023. Online. Available through: < https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/business-studies/human-resources/reinforcement-theory/ >
• What is transformational leadership? A model for motivating innovation. 2022. Online. Available through: < https://www.cio.com/article/228465/what-is-transformational-leadership-a-model-for-motivating-innovation.html >