CMA3003: Introduction To The Built Environment Assignment Sample

Introduction Of The Built Environment

The built environment refers to buildings, infrastructure, and places created by humans that impact and facilitate daily life The report examines the Elizabeth Line, often known as Crossrail UK, is a significant infrastructure project in the centre of London (Crossrail Ltd, 2022). The project aims to improve transportation connections, ability, and sustainability, eventually changing the mobility atmosphere in the city. The report examines the relevance of the Crossrail project, it salient characteristics, and the impact that it has had on the neighbourhood. Due to the outstanding scope, complexity, and significant impacts, it will make on buildings and transportation infrastructure, the Crossrail project has been selected for examination.

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The project's history, key phases, and the responsibilities played by many professional organisations are all covered in this report's examination of the project's different aspects. It focuses attention to the social advantages, like better transit, more employment prospects, urban renewal, and improved cross-cultural interactions. Financial benefits are also looked at, including higher property values and an increase in tourists. The report also discusses possible enhancements in areas including operational management, sustainability, and involvement of stakeholders. To guarantee the project's long-term viability and to maximize its beneficial effects on the local community recommendations are made.

Body

Investigate the various sectors of the construction industry within the built environment

The development and upkeep of the constructed environment are both made easier by diverse sections of the construction industry (Kaklauskas, 2016). They may be generally divided in the public and private sectors, each of which has a distinctive collection of stakeholders and characteristics.

In the framework of the construction firm, the term "public sector" generally refers to government agencies and organisations in charge of planning and executing infrastructure-related initiatives (Kypriotakis-Weijers, 2020). This covers initiatives like building roadways, bridges, public housing, healthcare facilities, and offices. Projects are frequently initiated by the public sector to address societal demands and advance the economy. Typically, public budgets, taxes, loans, and partnerships between the public and private sectors provide financing for public sector campaigns. Government rules, procurement processes, and compliance standards apply to public sector construction endeavours, assuring transparency and responsibility in the administration of public monies.

On the other hand, companies and people working on commercial building projects for private clients make up the private sector's portion of the construction industry. This industry covers an extensive variety of projects, including as homes, commercial buildings, manufacturing plants, retail locations, and lodging facilities (Kiani Mavi, et. al. 2021). Demand from the market and financial concerns are what drive private sector building. Private clients might be individuals or companies, investors or developers of real estate. The usual ways of obtaining finance for initiatives in the private sector involve investments, loans, and or self-funding. Construction in the private sector is often regulated by the marketplace and contracts between customers and contractors, providing for more customization and flexibility throughout the project's execution.

While both industries seek to create and improve the built environment, there are distinctions between them in terms of project types, financing sources, stakeholders, and legal structures (Borri, Zsembinszki and Cabeza, 2021).. While private sector initiatives concentrate on satisfying particular market demands and making a profit, public sector projects frequently prioritise the interests of the general public first and address larger community concerns.

Construction project in the UK

Background of Crossrail UK construction project

The Elizabeth Line, frequently referred to as Crossrail, is an important construction endeavour in the UK that wants to build a new railway line that will connect multiple areas of London and the rest of the country. In order to meet the rising need for more connectivity and transit capability inside London, Crossrail was created (Gharouni Jafari and Noorzai, 2021). The project intends to reduce overcrowding on current train lines and offer commuters and tourists quicker and more efficient transportation choices.

In partnership with Network Rail and other partners, Crossrail Limited, an element from Transport for London (TfL), has been carrying out the Crossrail project. The Greater London Authority, the Office of the Minister for Transport, and TfL officials make up the Crossrail Board of Directors, which is in charge of the project. Crossrail involves the building of a new railway line that passes through central London and travels from London and Heathrow Airport, which is located in the southwest to Shenfield and Abbey Woods in the east (Safapour, et. al. 2019). The project includes integrating existing train lines, upgrading stations, and constructing new tunnels. High-frequency, high-capacity trains may be operated on the railway route.

In the wider London Area, Crossrail aims to considerably improve transportation capacity while improving connectivity. It is anticipated to shorten travel times and ease overcrowding on the existing train system. When finished, the project would be one of the biggest train lines in the UK, transporting an estimated 200 million people a year. Crossrail's development started in 2009, with several stages and portions being built concurrently. The project calls for major infrastructure and railway systems to be put in as well as the station building. Multiple opening phases are planned for the Elizabeth route, with the finalisation of the whole route anticipated in 2022 (Rahimian, et. al. 2020). Governmental money, donations provided by the Greater London Authority, which is finance through a business rate add to, and other taxes are some of the sources of funding used to pay for the Crossrail project. In addition to donations from the private sector, the effort also got assistance from the European Investment Bank.

Identify when the project started and was completed

Established in 2009, Crossrail construction project is expected to be finished and functioning by 2022. During its existence, it has gone through several significant periods. Below is a summary of the major actions that occurred all through each phase:

• Development and planning phase: The project underwent demanding planning and development processes during this early phase. This involved conducting feasibility analyses, choosing a route, creating a design, and obtaining the necessary permissions and clearances (Oke and Arowoiya, 2022). The project team created the initiative's strategic goals and needs, conducted environmental evaluations, and engaged with stakeholders.
• Excavation and tunnelling phase: The building of new tunnels and below-ground portions was one of the Crossrail project's primary features. The pair of tunnels that would form the centre of the new railway line were excavated and built during this stage using tunnel-boring machines (TBMs). The construction of station containers, access drives, and cross passageways was also done during the excavation process. To pass beneath the current infrastructure and utilities during this phase, careful cooperation and engineering expertise were necessary.
• Stations construction and fit-out stage: After the excavation and tunnelling projects got off the ground, attention turned to constructing and outfitting the new stations on the Crossrail line (Newman, et. al. 2021). Constructing the station buildings, adding design details, elevators, elevators, ticket systems, and additional station facilities were all part of this phase. For it to guarantee that the design objective, performance, and accessibility were met for each station, considerable cooperation with several stakeholders, particularly architects, engineers, and contractors, was required.
• Railway system and infrastructure construction stage: The setting up of railway infrastructure and systems occurred concurrently with the building of stations. Track construction, overhead electricity systems, signalling and train management systems, networked power supplies, and other related railway infrastructure were all installed throughout this era. Activities such as commissioning and testing were also carried out to guarantee the railway systems operated effectively and safely.
• Integration and evaluating stage: As the Crossrail project's many parts' construction came to a close, attention switched to combining and testing the various systems and components. Tests were rigorously performed during this period, including dynamic tests of the communication, signalling, and train systems (Benachio, Freitas and Tavares, 2020). Along with consultation with other train operators to ensure smooth interaction with existing networks, it also involved testing for security and emergency procedures.
• Operating readiness and handover stage: The Crossrail project's final stage includes getting everything ready for operation and eventually handing everything to Transport for London (TfL). To guarantee an effortless transition to full service for passengers, tasks during this stage include employee training, operational preparation, finalising maintenance and handling of assets procedures, and performing trial operations. The Elizabeth Line is going to be made accessible to the general public after the project concludes and all required certifications and permits have been secured.

The Crossrail project lifecycle demonstrates the way the phases of initial design and development advance with construction, testing, and finally operation (Munaro, et. al. 2020). To build a contemporary and effective railway infrastructure for London, each phase featured a wide range of complicated tasks and required tight cooperation amongst several parties.

Identify the main professionals and professional bodies involved in the project

Numerous professional groups and organisations collaborate on and contribute to the successful completion of the Crossrail UK construction project. These organisations are essential to the project's achievement. The following are some of the major organisations with Crossrail and their associated tasks and duties:

• Crossrail Limited (CRL): The project delivery organisation in charge of managing the whole Crossrail project. Its main responsibility is to oversee and plan the planning, construction, testing, and activation of the railway system (Hart, et. al. 2019). To guarantee that the project will be completed on time, within budget, and by the necessary quality standards, CRL collaborates extensively with other professional organisations, contractors, and stakeholders.
• Transport for London (TfL): TfL is Greater London's local government agency in charge of transportation. TfL supervises the project strategically and is essential to ensure synergy with current transportation systems. Coordination of the Elizabeth Line's planning, operational preparedness and ultimate operation is the duty of TfL (Ninan, Sergeeva and Winch, 2022). To guarantee a smooth passenger experience and effective integration with other forms of transportation, they collaborate closely with CRL, municipal government agencies, and other transport companies.
• Network rail: The UK's national rail infrastructure operator is called Network Rail. It is in charge of managing and upkeep of the current rail network's stations, signalling systems, and track infrastructure. By incorporating the new train line into the current rail network, Network Rail contributes significantly to the Crossrail project. They cooperate with CRL to make sure the Elizabeth Line runs safely and smoothly with other train services.
• Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA): In the UK, RIBA acts as a professional organisation for architects. By offering design expertise and guaranteeing that the stations, passageways, and other structures satisfy the essential design, functional, and safety standards, architects play a crucial role within the Crossrail project (Young, et. al. 2020). RIBA supports best practices, assures adherence to pertinent laws and procedures, and offers standards and guidelines to architects participating in the project.
• Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE): The ICE is the UK's professional organisation for civil engineers. For the planning, building, and upkeep of the train infrastructure, civil engineers are crucial to the Crossrail project. They are in charge of making sure the tunnels, locations, and various other civil engineering constructions are structurally sound, stable, and safe. ICE fosters the most stringent standards of excellence in engineering in the project and offers technical guidance and opportunities for professional development.
• Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE): IMechE is an organization that represents mechanical professionals on a professional level. By making sure that train and related mechanical systems run reliably, mechanical engineers assist the Crossrail project. They work on power systems, ventilation, fire safety structures, and rolling stock design, installation, and upkeep (Farashah, Thomas and Blomquist, 2019). IMechE fosters the adoption of best practices in mechanical engineering and offers technical guidance and professional development.
• Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET): the IET is a professional engineering organization that offers degrees in electrical and electronic engineering among other areas of engineering. IET contributes vital knowledge in electrical systems, communication, and telecommunications to the Crossrail project. They make sure that the electrical infrastructure of the railway, including the power supply, propulsion systems, and communications systems, operates safely and effectively.
• Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB): The CIOB is a professional organisation that speaks for those working in construction management. The Crossrail project capitalises on the work of construction managers and experts from CIOB who supervise construction operations, manage contractors, ensure compliance with quality standards, and adopt efficient methods for project management. Construction industry personnel engaged in the project get direction, instruction, and assistance from CIOB.

Through a variety of methods, these organisations of professionals assist in the execution of the Crossrail project.

• Offering technical assistance and direction to ensure adherence to industry standards, laws, and best practices.
• Working together with stakeholders to create and put into practice effective and environmentally friendly design and construction techniques.
• Providing chances for professional development and instruction to improve the abilities of those involved in the project.
• Maintaining the highest levels of quality, safety, and environmental oversight throughout the course of the project.
• Encouraging communication and cooperation between experts, suppliers, and other project participants.
• Publicizing the project's advantages to the general public and the industry in general.
• Assisting in the coordination and integration of several different fields and areas of expertise to create an effective and efficient railway system.

Highlight the benefits of the construction industry to the UK economy and local communities

The community at large in London and the neighbouring areas has benefited both economically and socially from the Crossrail project, commonly referred to as the Elizabeth Line. These benefits have improved the condition of the community and economic growth in a number of ways. Here are a few of the main benefits:

Enhanced Transportation and Connectivity

Crossrail offers enhanced mobility and connectivity as one of its main social benefits. A brand-new railway line linking parts of east and west London was built as a result of the project, making it possible to travel with greater efficiency and speed. This has shortened journeys, lessened congestion on the current transportation systems, and increased accessibility for locals, staff members, and tourists. The enhanced unity has also provided prospects for employment, cross-community exchanges of culture, and social contacts.

Increased Employment possibilities

Crossrail's building and operation have created a sizable number of employment opportunities, boosting the local economy. The project generated thousands of employees throughout the building period, comprising specialized and semi-skilled positions in construction, engineering, and several support services. A total of 900 operating jobs, including train drivers, station employees, maintenance workers, and administrative positions, are expected to be created once the Elizabeth Line was up and running. These employment options have helped reduce rates of unemployment, raise household incomes, and improve the general financial condition of the local community.

Urban Redevelopment and Development

In the communities near the new stations for trains, the construction of Crossrail has worked as a spur for urban redevelopment and development. The construction of new business and residential spaces, as well as the revitalisation of communities, has resulted from the increased investment appeal of these locations due to the better transportation linkages. The initiative has sparked the development of new homes, places of employment, retail establishments, and tourist attractions, fostering the growth of lively communities and regional businesses. In besides boosting the local economy, this has provided locals with more housing alternatives and enhanced their quality of life.

Improved Tourist and Culture Exchanges

Crossrail has assisted London become a more popular place to visit on a worldwide scale. Access to well-liked tourist destinations including museums, theatres, retail areas, and historical sites is made simple by the new railway route. This has increased local tourism and economic activity, which helped a number of industries including the hospitality industry, retail, and entertainment. By making it simpler for people from many different backgrounds and cultures to explore and take advantage of London's numerous cultural offers, increased connection has also fostered cultural exchanges.

Environmental Benefits

While largely a social benefit, Crossrail's environmental benefits also have financial implications (Sayidganiev, Karimbaev, and Achilov, 2022). By promoting the utilisation of public transit over private vehicles, the initiative supports sustainable travel. This lessens the effects of transportation congestion while also lowering carbon emissions and increasing air quality. For people, companies, and the government, the ensuing environmental advantages such as lower healthcare expenses and improved public health—translate into financial savings.

Increasing Property Values

The Crossrail line's construction has boosted the value of homes in the neighbourhoods around the new train the stops. These places are increasingly enticing for both personal and business reasons because to the increased connectedness and accessibility of the transportation infrastructure. Homeowners, shareholders, and local governments all gain from the rise in property values, which also boosts the economy and generates more money.

Reflection on the selected UK construction project

Due to its significance and effect on London's public transportation system, I chose the Crossrail UK building project. The project is an important investment in addressing transportation issues while improving connectivity in a busy urban region. The complexity and size of the Crossrail project are what most interest me. It takes meticulous preparation and cooperation to build new tunnels, areas, and connect the Elizabeth Line into current transportation systems. Constructing tunnels under a highly populated metropolis and constructing cutting-edge train systems required some pretty amazing technical achievements.

One recommendation for the project's improvement is to strengthen stakeholder participation and communication. Concerns may be addressed, interruptions can be decreased and advantages can be obtained to the fullest extent possible by making certain that nearby companies, neighbourhoods, and transportation providers are fully engaged and informed through the project. Another suggestion would be to give sustainable practices top priority. This can entail using power-efficient technology, supporting green building practices, and incorporating renewable energy sources. The success of the construction endeavour would also be enhanced by a focus on reducing the project's carbon impact while taking into account the future viability of the railway infrastructure.

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Conclusion

For all parties involved in the construction industry, including contractors, designers, policymakers, and investors, comprehending the differences among the public and private sectors is essential because it influences strategies, processes for making decisions, and collaborative efforts in the broad and changing field of construction. Crossrail is expected to have a major impact on London's transport and infrastructure system because of its broad scale and ability to reduce traffic and enhance travel times.

The Crossrail project lifecycle demonstrates the way the steps of initial conception and creation advance through construction, testing, and finally operation. Organisations of professionals assist in bringing the UK building endeavour to a successful conclusion and ensuring its long-term operational success. The local community received financial and social advantages through the Crossrail project. These include enhanced connection and transportation, more job prospects, urban renewal, tourism expansion, preservation of the environment, and rising property values. The project mightrevolutionizeLondon's transport system. It may provide a more effective and sustainable transportation network for the city by solving capacity challenges, enhancing connectivity, and encouraging sustainable practices.

References

Books and Journals

• Benachio, G.L.F., Freitas, M.D.C.D. and Tavares, S.F., 2020. Circular economy in the construction industry: A systematic literature review.Journal of cleaner production,260, p.121046.
• Borri, E., Zsembinszki, G. and Cabeza, L.F., 2021. Recent developments of thermal energy storage applications in the built environment: A bibliometric analysis and systematic review.Applied Thermal Engineering,189, p.116666.
• Farashah, A.D., Thomas, J. and Blomquist, T., 2019. Exploring the value of project management certification in selection and recruiting.International Journal of Project Management,37(1), pp.14-26.
• Gharouni Jafari, K. and Noorzai, E., 2021. Selecting the most appropriate project manager to improve the performance of the occupational groups in road construction projects in warm regions.Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,147(10), p.04021131.
• Hart, J., Adams, K., Giesekam, J., Tingley, D.D. and Pomponi, F., 2019. Barriers and drivers in a circular economy: The case of the built environment.Procedia Cirp,80, pp.619-624.
• Kiani Mavi, R., Gengatharen, D., Kiani Mavi, N., Hughes, R., Campbell, A. and Yates, R., 2021. Sustainability in construction projects: A systematic literature review.Sustainability,13(4), p.1932.
• Kypriotakis-Weijers, A., 2020. Space Modders: Learning from the Game Commune & the Binck Twins Case Study: Learning emancipatory practices of space modification through videogames and their introduction to the built environment.
• Munaro, M.R., Tavares, S.F. and Bragança, L., 2020. Towards circular and more sustainable buildings: A systematic literature review on the circular economy in the built environment.Journal of cleaner production,260, p.121134.
• Newman, C., Edwards, D., Martek, I., Lai, J., Thwala, W.D. and Rillie, I., 2021. Industry 4.0 deployment in the construction industry: a bibliometric literature review and UK-based case study.Smart and Sustainable Built Environment,10(4), pp.557-580.
• Ninan, J., Sergeeva, N. and Winch, G., 2022. Narrative shapes innovation: a study on multiple innovations in the UK construction industry.Construction management and economics,40(11-12), pp.884-902.
• Oke, A.E. and Arowoiya, V.A., 2022. An analysis of the application areas of augmented reality technology in the construction industry.Smart and Sustainable Built Environment,11(4), pp.1081-1098.
• Rahimian, F.P., Seyedzadeh, S., Oliver, S., Rodriguez, S. and Dawood, N., 2020. On-demand monitoring of construction projects through a game-like hybrid application of BIM and machine learning.Automation in Construction,110, p.103012.
• Safapour, E., Kermanshachi, S., Kamalirad, S. and Tran, D., 2019. Identifying effective project-based communication indicators within primary and secondary stakeholders in construction projects.Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction,11(4), p.04519028.
• Sayidganiev, Z.S.U., Karimbaev, B.B.U. and Achilov, O.R., 2022. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES.Academic research in educational sciences,3(Special Issue 2), pp.123-127.
• Young, B.E., Seidu, R.D., Thayaparan, M. and Appiah-Kubi, J., 2020, April. Modular construction innovation in the UK: The case of residential buildings. InThe 10th Annual Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (IEOM) Conference. IEOM Society.

Online

• Kaklauskas, A., 2016. Built environment. Online. Avaialble through. :< https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/built-environment#:~:text=The%20term%20built%20environment%20refers,water%20supply%20or%20energy%20networks.>.
• Crossrail Ltd. 2022. Crossrail construction project UK. Online. Avaialble through. :< https://web.archive.org/web/20221229005042/https://www.crossrail.co.uk/#>.
• Greater London Authority, 2022. Crossrail Governance Organization for Delivery. Online. Avaialble through. :< file:///C:/Users/Dell/Downloads/CrossRail-Evidence.pdf>.