Impact Of Sleep Deficiency On Population Assignment Sample

Introduction Of Impact Of Sleep Deficiency On Population

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Lack of sleep please consider a significant factor that has been linked with different chronic health issues including heart disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure, diabetes as well as obesity and depression (Dutil et al. 2022). Sleep deficiency is also linked with extreme anxiety and stress levels among the healthy population. The following review process is intended to address the impact of sleep deficiency among the population by showcasing literature aspects, methodological context and discussions on findings while concluding and recommending the overall process.

Literature review

Cognitive impact of sleep deficiency

Insufficient sleep is capable of impacting an individual's behaviour and increases risk taking behaviour and shows impulsivity (Pappas and Miner, 2022). It can occur among children in preschool and early adulthood due to the poor report on children's neuro behavioural process and impacting their mid-childhood activities. One out of 4 students and 19% of university students in the UK are reported to have less than 5 hours of sleep per day (Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2023a). This factor impacts their control of mood and behaviour in the form of increased irritability, moodiness and poor frustration tolerance. Apart from that, among adolescents, the sleep restriction is capable of causing tiredness upon awakening among 46% of the population, increasing chance of nervousness and general physical weakness with excessive drowsiness among 50% of the population as well as negative mood swings such ss tension and irritability among 49% of individuals (Digital.nhs.uk, 2023).

Effect on physical health and immunity

Sleep restriction is one of the significant causes of the inflammatory regulation process as well as tissue morbidities (Kuna Ragnoli et al. 2022). These are also related in terms of addressing metabolic and cardiovascular disease alongside the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome due to insufficient sleep. Besides, losing sleep is capable of adversely impacting components of the immune system in terms of addressing low resistance towards infectious illness and susceptibility towards respiratory tract infection (Digital.nhs.uk, 2023). During the COVID situation, approximately 12% of the population in the UK with respiratory tract infection have reported to face insomnia (Ragnoli et al. 2022). Apart from that, it can also be addressed that chronic sleep loss is also capable of impacting individuals' health by causing higher death rate and viral infection.

Impact on mental health

Losing sleep and excessive insomnia are capable of affecting adolescence by achieving their academic success and physical well-being in the form of higher chance of depression, the risk of obesity and driving accidents (Nwanaji-Enwerem et al. 2022). On the other hand, emotional distress and pain have significant impact on difficulties with sleep initiation and maintenance of sleep throughout the night. It also includes mania, psychosis or paranoia alongside other psychotic episodes and anxious feelings among individuals (Atwood, 2022). This is followed by behavioural issues and family conflicts that leads towards excessive anxiety among the individuals and in extent causing issues while driving due to lack of concentration.

Increase chances of lifestyle diseases

Lack of sleep is capable of increasing the chance of Diabetes (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This includes increasing the risk of myocardial infarction along with cardiometabolic risks up to 58% among the UK population (Von Schantz et al. 2021). Sleep disturbance is proven to be associated with non-communicable disease such DM among the population of 24.2% (Von Schantz et al. 2021). Besides, the conjugated impact of frequent sleep disturbance and the presence of DM are associated with a greater risk of increasing mortality among the population. In addition, sleep deprivation can also impact high blood pressure along with heightening the rate of CVD (Galor et al. 2023).

Methodology

Study design

The following systematic review is based on the impact of sleep deprivation on individuals' health. This also includes adding relevant information from the qualitative research by applying specific study design. The implications of potential study design including meta-analysis for the following study context associates with appropriate representations of multiple studies and estimating study outcome (Paul & Barari, 2022). This is followed by designing an elevating and rapid research process on the basis of different physical and psychological impact on the population due to the presence of sleep deprivation in the UK. As a qualitative research context is effective while receiving the impact of lack of sleep while developing the overall systematic review, it also provides a naturalistic review on the overall research subject (Hennink & Kaiser, 2022). This process is also effective in terms of providing an in-depth understanding of the identified research context and showcase existing information. This specific strategy design consists of a research question and helps in evaluating the aim of the research context. The fundamental purpose of conducting the study refers to identification of health issues facing individuals due to lack of sleep. The potential research question refers to the "How much of an impact does lack of sleep have on people?"

PICO framework

While representing qualitative systematic review processes on the impact of sleep deprivation among the population, the implementation of PICO framework is effective as it keeps the fundamental focus on the identified research subject. This is followed by the use of this most common framework in terms of structuring identified research questions alongside implying fundamental concepts of research and focusing on the question (Kusyanti et al. 2022). The use of this evidence-based research framework is also a significant safe while forming questions and facilitating literature search with the aim of achieving desired outcome. The framework helps in addressing population or problem (P) intervention or exposure (I) along with comparison or control (C)as well as outcome (O).

Terms’ initials	Components	Illustrations
P	Population	Population with sleep deprivation above the age of 15
I	Intervention	Medical history of the population to identify the reason of sleep deprivation and its impact on the population
C	Control	Population without sleep deprivation
O	Outcome	Identifying the impact of lack of sleep among population alongside reduction the adverse impact on the identified group

Table 1: PICO framework (Source: Self-developed) Database description

Databases	Illustrations	Justification
Implied scientific databases
PubMed	It is a free search engine that helps in addressing information and references along with abstracts on Life science and biomedical subjects	This is considered a reliable and highly authoritative search engine that helps in accessing information on medicine and health and the providence of relevant search results (Pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2023). It's also support accessing information on biomedical and life science base literature with authentic citation and abstracts
Cochrane library	It is considered a database that consists of high-quality independent research evidence in regards to the healthcare decision making and accessing systematic review process in healthcare	This is implied to access information regarding medicine and other healthcare specialities alongside systematic reviews and meta-analysis which are effective for some advising and interpreting result on medical research (Cochranelibrar, 2023)
CINAHL	This is considered one of the significance allied health regarding search engine and operating under EBSCO engine	It is used in terms of accessing full text PDF journal, peer reviewed journal, open access on information regarding allied health subject, biomedicals and nursing journals (Ebsco, 2023b)
Alternative search engines
EBSCO	This is an important information service both in business and academy fields	This is used to access e journals magazine subscriptions alongside e-book and discovered in services regarding medical subjects (Ebsco, 2023a)
ProQuest	It is another significant database that helps in accessing information over 175 subjects	This is used in terms of accessing information regarding different field service and intuitive online research contexts and government information (Proquest, 2023)
Google Scholar	It is a free accessible search engine that helps in accessing scholarly literature and full text information	This is used here in order to access free information and metadata in regards to the journal and articles (Scholar.google, 2023).

Table 2: Description of different databases Boolean table The implementation of Boolean tables is considered a significant day that helps in understanding similar words or synonyms which are considerably impactful in case of continuing research process (García-Peñalvo, 2022). This is followed by including different terms of the specific research subject with the aim of accessing a desired outcome and focusing on the productive context with the aim of saving time and effort. The use of this table is effective in terms of easily eliminating inappropriate keywords while conducting the oral research process (Mastan et al.2022). For the following context on the basis of impact of lack of sleep on the population, the suitable keywords are sleep-deprivation, population, non-communicable diseases, insufficient and impact.

Sleep deprivation	And	Population	And	Non communicable diseases	And	Insufficient	And	Impact
Insomnia Or Insomnolence Or Sleeplessness Or Restlessness Or Vigil Or Indisposition	Inhabitants Or Residents Or People Or Citizens Or Public Or Community Or Populace	Non contagious Or Non-Transmissive Or Non transferable Or Non reproductive	Inadequate Or Scant Or Scarce Or Sparse Or Deficient Or Poor Or Incomplete	Repercussion Or Influence Or Aftermath Or Consequence Or Reverberation Or Effect

Inclusion and exclusion technique

The use of inclusion and exclusion techniques in the systematic review process helps researchers to point out the study population in a consistent, reliable as well as uniform and objective manner (Blaizot et al.2022). While the exclusion criteria refer to the specific characteristics that are not welcome for conducting the research process and suitable for the identified population, the inclusion criteria express the preferability while collecting information. This is followed by identification of the specific type of studies alongside its significance in regards to the selections of articles with appropriate studied design and meeting the primary requirements in order to conduct the study and meet the research question (Blaizot et al.2022). This technique is also effective in terms of identifying suitable literature and including mythological context on the basis of existing information in regards the given study subject.

Factors	Inclusion	Exclusion
Language	English language is preferred in terms of collecting information on the basis of identified research subject	Non-English subject-based information are eliminated from the list
PDF	Full text PDFs are included in the list along with the presence of abstract	Publications without proper information and abstracts are removed from the list
Journals	Peer reviewed journals are included while collecting information for the context	Random study materials without directing the study design are excluded from the list
Subject	Articles on the basis of the impact of sleep deprivation on the population is prioritised while collecting information for the list	Any other information than the identified research subject is excluded from the list of information
Focusing population	Information are collected from the articles that keeps it focus on the population over the age of 15 and onwards	Articles focusing on the population below the age of 15 are removed from the list of information
Research type	Systematic review process based on qualitative and meta-analysis are included in the list	Other than the identified category of research types, articles and journals are excluded
Time frame	Last five years of information are prioritised in terms of collecting information for the subject	Articles older than the last five years of timeline are removed from the list
Country	Only UK based studies are prioritised in terms of collecting information	Other than the UK, any other country-based information are removed from the list

PRISMA

The implementation of the "preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA)" is considered a significant checklist that helps in the research process to maintain transparency in case of accessing desired outcome for the systematic review process (Yusop et al. 2022). The checklist items help in covering significant aspects of research including the presence of title alongside abstract as well as introduction, methodologies, result alongside discussions and funding list. It also helps in addressing detailed distributions of the identified checklist for the review process in terms of better understanding at the end of the research. As the inclusion and exclusion criteria are considered significant in terms of required in detail descriptions regarding significant items from the research process (Awan et al.2022), PRISMA chart is prepared with the aim of maintaining transparency and accessing desired outcome for the research.

Data extraction and analysis

Data extraction is considered a significant feature that associates with development and identification of primary terms and characteristics to make the systematic review more structured (Martins et al. 2022). For the following context, data have been collected by gathering peer reviewed journals and articles on the basis of impact of stress on the population in the UK. The use of data extraction method is contemplated to play a crucial role to change the prior phase of systematic review and identified proper methodologies (Paul and Barari, 2022). The extraction of identified information is done on Microsoft Excel and used in text citation while improving data storage methods and enhancing a step to develop the overall review process. On the other hand, data analysis is an impactful step that represents relevant information that is collected from the identified publications and summarises the overall context in a synchronous way (Hung et al. 2022). For the following context, the narrative analysis is implied for the identified review process while shading light on epidemiological study and identifying necessary information of the research context. It also focuses on the theoretical aspects and develops empirical research in terms of critically presenting the selected information in a logical manner (Ghaffar et al. 2022).

Critical appraisal

Critical appraisal of the following research subject has been done by selecting 10 journals with the aim of shading light on mythological aspects, their validity as well as strength and weakness of the overall study (Li et al. 2022). This is followed by evaluating the primary focus area of the subject in a systematic manner by validating research questions and methods. It also includes making analysis on the internal model and external model with the aim of providing validation for the completion of systematic literature review (De Bartolomeis et al. 2022). For the given context critical appraisal has been made by evaluating the understanding of studies carrying effective design and information on the identified subject. This is followed by identifying the used research methodology and specific approaches with the aim of understanding their effectiveness towards establishing systematic review processes. The following is based on the quality research articles were collected and represented, reviewed information and critically appraised by using tools such as CASP and AXIS in terms of making cross sectional context while completing the review process. This is followed by containing ethical appraisal quality context with the aim of improving the ethical considerations while conducting the overall research (Alghobary and Mostafa, 2022).

Ethical standards

Ethical standard for the following context is not essential as it is mostly based on the existing information and accessing data from secondary resources. However, putting an ethical statement helps in systematic review by evaluating the appropriate purpose for the study context and illustrating significant events from the existing database without breaching them (Siala and Wang, 2022). As there were no specific obstacles in terms of accessing information on the basis of the impact of sleep deprivation on the population, ethical considerations were not required in terms of conducting the overall systematic review process. As this process having done anything in terms of deriving and synthesising information on the existing research subject ethical statement is not required for the study except the providence of proper in-text citation and mentioning sources.

Discussion

The consequences of sleeplessness and sleep deprivation are considered far more prevalent and have key indicators on the public health sector by addressing mortality, morbidity as well as decreasing performance, accidents, injuries as well as low functioning and quality of life (Zhang et al. 2022). Among adults, at least 18% of adult females have shown a significant concept of insufficiency in sleep (Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2023b). It also addressed the prevalence of non-communicable disease in the form of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This is followed by adolescents affected by insufficient sleeves and approximately 15% of the population have reported sleeping time lower than 8.5 hours on school night and 26% reported to have less than 6.5 hours of sleep (Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2023b). The risk factor regarding sleeplessness among the population refers to the lifestyle and occupational changes including shifting work as well as prolonged working hours, jet lag and irregular sleep schedules present in adults. This is followed by the presence of sleep disorders including insomnia as well as sleep disorder breathing, apnea along with narcolepsy or circadian rhythm disorder that causes potential loss of sleep among individuals (Zhang et al. 2022). It was also identified that the impact of sleeplessness is given largely by different societal changes along with greater reliance on the long working period and greater access to the internet as well as television (Zhang et al. 2022). Approximately 20% of adult workers have reportedly been engaging with the internet after work and causing sleeplessness (Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2023b). The impact of sleep less than 7 hours per night has an impact on cardiovascular, endocrine, immune and nervous systems alongside causing non communicable disease, obesity, anxiety symptoms, depression and excessive consumption of alcohol.

Conclusion

The following systematic review process has successfully addressed the impact of sleeplessness among adults and adolescents in the form of obesity, mood swing, non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus cardiovascular disease, excessive blood pressure anxiety disorder and many more. The primary cause of sleeplessness among the population refers to the presence of disease as well as other factors which have also been discussed in the following context. This also includes addressing methods in the form of database descriptions for identifying information alongside developing PICO framework, PRISMA chart, inclusion and exclusion criteria, Boolean table and critical appraisal for the identified subject while completing systematic review process.

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