Impact Of Housing On The Given Scenario From The Field Of Nursing Practice Case Study

Introduction Of The Impact Of Housing On The Given Scenario From The Field Of Nursing Practice Case Study

Define social determinants of health (SDH)

The concept of SDH is considered significant conditions in the environment where any individual born, lives as well as learnt, work, worship, play and age and which are capable of affecting a wide range of health, functioning as well as quality of life outcomes alongside risks (Palmer et al. 2019). This also includes safe housing as well as transportation neighbourhoods, free from racism, discrimination, non- violence while accessing job opportunities, education, income and nutritious food, language and literacy skills. These are capable of contributing towards reducing health disparities and inequalities (Health.gov, 2023).

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Rationale for using the Dahlgren and Whitehead model

This rainbow -structured widely used sociological model helps with specifying the SODs on health in equity alongside understanding multiple hierarchy levels while suggesting the role of determinants to interact within and between the levels (Dahlgren & Whitehead, 2021). In the following context this model has been identified to provide a systematic framework for housing as the determinant while showcasing the relationship between different approaches of health while shedding light on the whole of life development and spiritual dimension.

Key determinant linked to the case study

The identified determinant of SDH in the following context refers to the housing. As this is considered a paradigmatic concept of SDH, it also influences and can be influenced by structural determinants in the form of social as well as macroeconomic along with public policies, education, income and ethnicity (Mwoka et al. 2021). This also helps with understanding the burden of substandard housing which affects the disproportional context on vulnerable populations and creates inequality in society.

State the purpose of the essay

The following essay is intended to address the primary component of SDH which is housing in terms of relating to the provided case study and critically analysis the key policy and practice recommendation for the given context.

Discussion

The given case study is based on Frank who is a 57 years old man and currently living alone in London and divorced. He is a chain smoker and smokes approximately 20 to 30 cigarettes every day and maintains his lifestyle with universal credit. The concept of universal credit relies on receiving payment from the government for managing living cost and the criteria of accessing this refers to living on low income or out of work (Cheetham et al. 2019). Frank is unemployed right now and facing issues with delayed payment from universal credit and which is capable of affecting his purchase on rent and bills in the form of gas and electric. On the other hand, Forchuk et al. (2019) have managed to address the role of poor economic conditions which impact on reducing opportunities as well as limiting choices and undermine hope for an individual which results in worsening physical health conditions. In the case of the UK, approximately 14.4 billion people are currently suffering from poverty along with approximately 5.7 million people receiving universal credit that helps them to maintain their day-to-day activities (Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2023). This is also considered a significant factor that can increase social differences and destabilise financial institutions in order to protect physical health (Oruche & Zapolski, 2020). Similarly, Frank is facing issues with his poor and unstable income which has affected him to being unable to purchase necessary life items and facing stress along with mould issues in his house. This situation also signifies his increased nature of continuing chain smoking, 20-30 a day which takes a toll on his mental health and lifestyle as well.

Apart from that, the patient is also facing issues with housing while paying the bills. As he stays alone and away from his children, this is considered a significant determinant of his overall health. In this context, Karpur et al. (2021) have managed to address that poverty is considered a significant reason that causes stressors in the form of increasing insecurity and uncertainty on accessing food, housing as well as income. Here, by supporting this context, Johnson et al. (2019) have managed to address the role of housing as a SDH which plays a pivotal role in creating a sense of substantial effect on health and well-being. It also links between housing policies and the maintenance of health and well-being along with contributing towards increasing health inequalities. For the following case study, it can be stated that due to low and unstable income and poor financial situation of the patient, the accessibility of housing is considered a tool of promoting independence along with safe living in later life as well as access to amenities. He is also incapable of maintaining his housing condition and unable to renovate in terms of getting rid of mould issues.

However, here Shah et al. (2021) have pointed out the significance of income disproportional context that decreases housing opportunity for low-income population as well as reducing convenience in society which impact on the overall health and wellness. It impacts on the individual’s capability of recognising the range of different ways that effect on lacking housing, poor quality of maintenance which are considered significant factors that adversely impact on the health and wellbeing (Guzel et al. 2021). On the other hand, while addressing biopsychosocial factors of this health determinant, Bolton et al. (2019) have managed to address these conditions which are interconnected with health and disease and similarly impacting on lifestyle choices. This includes biological factors such as food, water, accommodations and ambient temperature which have crucial impact on psychosocial factors in the form of accessing resources which involve education and training that affect the livelihood conditions such as picking up things in house, cleaning them, preventing the dust (Kalukiewicz, 2022). These factors comprise the natural environment of accommodation for living for an individual and this, it could be stated for Frank which impacted on his housing while growing mould and making it unnatural for living. This also reduces the chance of socialisation as well as the quality lifestyle for individuals along with reducing the maintenance of housing that leads to a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, it can be stated that Frank's biopsychosocial and individual situation are capable of impacting his poor health along with reducing his convenience towards maintaining a safe and mould free house and socialisation that increases health inequalities.

Besides, the current situation of the UK's health and healthcare provision facing issues of health inequalities and cost of living (McKee et al. 2020). This impact on individuals to access housing and its instability which are considered a significant reason that leads to stress, anxiety as well as other mental health symptoms and overall causing housing instability. Here, by supporting this context, Rowley et al. (2021) have managed to address the risk of housing in community-based initiatives that have impact on the prevention of homelessness along with mental health issues. On the other hand, people who can afford very less cost of living have a high impact on creating mental health disorders in the form of depression and anxiety. While addressing Frank's situation, he has developed schizophrenia and lived alone and far away from children. In this context, McKee et al. (2020) have managed to say that increasing health inequalities can generate chronic stress among individuals. This stress is associated with the accessibility of insufficient resources that is capable of creating negative emotion along with behavioural consequences. In case of Frank, apart from being diagnosed with schizophrenia, he is suffering from type to diabetes as well as depression alongside has recently been discharged from the hospital following the relapse. This factor indicates the negative aspects of psychological and physical health. Besides, as per the statement of Rowley et al. (2021), it is also identifiable that biochemical reactions can be triggered by unsupportive social context along with adverse social environment. This factor indicates the prevalence of depression in relation to stress along with greater risks of psychological issues (Pesantes et al. 2019). In the case of Frank, an unsupportive social environment such as distance between him and his children along with no socialisation and development of paranoia causing him to stay at home and preventing him from meeting his friends in evening and this factor elevates the chance of him feeling depressed due to lack of employment.

In this context, the "Marmot review 10 years on health equity" in the UK addresses the relationship between poor housing and the health by addressing poor quality housing that includes the damp, cold, moles and noise beaches strongly associated with core health and affecting both physical and mental health (Kalukiewicz, 2022). While the longer exposures of these conditions impact on the overall health of an individual, it also impacts the mental health by increasing the stressful environment, anxiousness and depression. It is also impacting on the cost of housing which is addressed by the NHS on the building research establishments 2021 that estimates the overall cost of treating those affected by poor housing is 1.4 billion per year and considers one of the costliest issues related to the NHS (Kalukiewicz, 2022). This factor also justifies Frank's case study on the poor accessing and affording healthcare services in the UK.

Besides, the overall improvement of population health alongside maintaining health equity is considered a significant approach that becomes a priority in the health sector and associate health professionals in order to measure the reduction of disparities. This factor is integrated into health programs and services alongside training health professionals such as physicians, nurses and other allied health workers with the aim of addressing SDHs and promoting equitable health outcomes for the patient families and communities (Andermann, 2019). In addition, the policy of responding and influencing local community agenda alongside engaging health professionals by supporting social movements helps with the advocation of basic income affordable healthcare as well as progressive taxation and other measures to reduce the health disparities in the UK (Gómez-Costilla et al. 2021). This is followed by the progressive distribution of income, greater investment in service deprived communities and regulatory policies to improve the accessibility of house and food while reducing behavioural risk. This also includes the tangible aspects of housing experience that could impact the inequality of health outcomes which is important for the following case study.

While addressing the role of nurses in terms of improving health equity it can be stated that they have the potential to receive the landscape of health equity as well as working in new settings while expanding their capabilities to partner with committees for improving the health outcome. In this context, Lange (2021) has managed to address the role of nurses in adjusting, assisting, aligning, advocating and increasing awareness while identifying health risk for the patient upon their discharge and incorporating values to improve the overall health outcome. This is followed by implying intervention and reformation policies to influence the institution as well as social system and public policies for driving health outcomes (Jayasinghe et al. 2022). This is also applicable for the following case study as it helps with Frank's post-discharge follow up on health screening alongside improving health outcomes by prioritising health and reducing health disparities.

Conclusion

In terms of concluding the following essay, it can be stated that the essay has successfully incorporated the given case study on Frank, a 57 years old man from London who is suffering from chronic disease conditions. This essay also discussed the primary determinants of SDH, the form of housing in the given case study along with pointing out the overall impact of the determinant to showcase the inequality in society. This is followed by discussing the patient's condition by addressing the role of housing on his worsen health conditions along with potential recommendations with the aim of improving his overall conditions and reducing inequality in society.

References

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Cheetham, M., Moffatt, S., Addison, M., & Wiseman, A. (2019). Impact of Universal Credit in North East England: a qualitative study of claimants and support staff. BMJ open, 9(7), e029611.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/7/e029611.abstract

Dahlgren, G., & Whitehead, M. (2021). The Dahlgren-Whitehead model of health determinants: 30 years on and still chasing rainbows. Public health, 199, 20-24.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003335062100336X

Forchuk, C., Dickins, K., & Corring, D. J. (2019). Social determinants of health: housing and income. Healthc Q, 18(Suppl), 27-31.https://www.furniturebank.org/wp-content/uploads/2016_Social-Determinants-of-Health-Housing-and-Income.pdf

Gómez-Costilla, P., García-Prieto, C., & Somarriba-Arechavala, N. (2021). Aging and gender health gap: a multilevel analysis for 17 European Countries. Social Indicators Research, 1-19.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11205-020-02595-2

Guzel, A. E., Arslan, U., & Acaravci, A. (2021). The impact of economic, social, and political globalization and democracy on life expectancy in low-income countries: are sustainable development goals contradictory?. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1-18.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10668-021-01225-2

Health.gov. (2023)., “Social Determinants of Health” https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health

Jayasinghe, S., Faghy, M. A., & Hills, A. P. (2022). Social justice equity in healthy living medicine-An international perspective. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033062022000378

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Kalukiewicz. A. (2022)., “Housing and health: a reading list” https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-9414/

Karpur, A., Vasudevan, V., Lello, A., Frazier, T. W., & Shih, A. (2021). Food insecurity in the households of children with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities in the United States: Analysis of the National Survey of Children’s Health Data 2016–2018. Autism, 25(8), 2400-2411.https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/13623613211019159

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Shah, S. M. A., Mohammad, D., Qureshi, M. F. H., Abbas, M. Z., & Aleem, S. (2021). Prevalence, psychological responses and associated correlates of depression, anxiety and stress in a global population, during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Community mental health journal, 57, 101-110.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10597-020-00728-y