Human-Induced Earthquake In Thailand Assignment Sample

Human-Induced Earthquake In Thailand Assignment Sample

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Introduction

The process of industrial scaling tends to require resources to carry out the operational aspects the resources can be minerals, hydrocarbon, geothermal fluids and many more. Similarly, the extraction of resources tends to hamper the level of stress within the earth that leads to reaction and as a result, earthquake generates. Apart from that, “human-induced earthquakes” may tend to be potentially dangerous and the repercussions may pose a negative impact on the environment along with on human beings. This study is going to demonstrate the factors and the nature of human-induced earthquakes in Thailand.

Nature of human-induced seismicity in Thailand

According to the reports of Mase et al. (2021), on “22 April 1983” a massive area of Thailand and the nearby regions seemed to be shaken by the human-induced earthquake consisting of (m b=5.8, M s=5.9). Apart from that, the epicentre was found to be at the “Srinagarind reservoir" situated "190 km" northwest of "Bangkok". However, the potential shock tends to be proceeded by the foreshocks and it seems to be followed by multiple aftershocks. Accordingly, the largest foreshock reflects "m b=5.3” and it took place exactly after a couple of hours of the mainshock. Eventually, the result of teleseismic “P and S” waveforms ranges from “NNW-SSE” to “NNE-SSW”. On the other hand, the nodal planes reflect to be towards the “NW-SE” to about “E-W” with respect to the regional tectonics along with surface geology.

The mechanism of the mainshock has been reflected consist of a “255° strike”, “dips 48°”, and “slips 63.5°”. Thrust tends to be the main fault motion during the tenure of foreshock as well as mainshock whereas the largest aftershock reflects to be the component of “strike-slip”. Apart from that the stress drop, as well as the “seismic moment” of the mainshock, correlates to the component of “180 bars and “3.86×1024 dyne-cm” respectively (Tanapalungkorn et al. 2021). Most importantly, the occurrence of the thrusts signifies proportionally with respect to the unzipping of the components of the ‘Srinagarind reservoir”.

Focal depths of the “mainshock", the largest foreshock along with the largest aftershock tend to reflect "8 km", "5.4 km" and "2.27 km", respectively. However, during the period of the sequential obstacles, the waveform modelling, as well as the relativeness of the location, reflects migration in the downward migration correlation with the segments of “hypocenters”.

Figure 1: Epicenter of the human-induced earthquake in “Srinagarind reservoir” Thailand

(Source: Sukkarak et al. 2021)

This figure demonstrates the epicentral distribution of the human-induced earthquake in “Srinagarind reservoir" Thailand. Similarly, the figure showcases that the implication of the induced earthquake tends to be spread throughout the entire surface area. Accordingly, it does not even correlate to the significance of planar or linear zones as the activity of distribution may not reflect to be consistent along the area of the epicentre (Sukkarak et al. 2021). Simultaneously, a total of 27 events occurred during the tenure of “April 1983” and the activity related to the seismic aspect continued, however, the frequency tends to be lower. 

Conclusion

Accumulation of the spectrums of strains that have taken place seems to have reached the value of critics before filling up the reservoir. This can be the main effective reason that tends to have caused the impoundment of the reservoir and as a result, the pre-existing energy along with the strain energy seems to be released. Accordingly, it may occur with respect to the spectrum of the locally weak zone and thus the reaction might have caused a massive earthquake. However, the seismic behaviour of “Srinagarind reservoir” did not pose any kind of history regarding the significant seismicity. 

References

Mase, L.Z., Likitlersuang, S. and Tobita, T., 2021. Ground motion parameters and resonance effect during strong earthquake in northern Thailand. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 39(3), pp.2207-2219.

Sukkarak, R., Tanapalungkorn, W., Likitlersuang, S. and Ueda, K., 2021. Liquefaction analysis of sandy soil during strong earthquake in Northern Thailand. Soils and Foundations, 61(5), pp.1302-1318.

Tanapalungkorn, W., Mase, L.Z., Latcharote, P. and Likitlersuang, S., 2020. Verification of attenuation models based on strong ground motion data in Northern Thailand. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 133, p.106145.