Perceptions of Health, Disability, and Illness in Health and Social Care Assignment Sample

Introduction Of Perceptions of Health, Disability, and Illness in Health and Social Care

Task 1: Analyse different perceptions of health, disability and illness

The historical and current definition

As society standards, scientific knowledge, and cultural beliefs have changed through time, so too have conceptions of health, disability, and sickness. The meanings of these terms across time and in the present show how intricately social, cultural, and medical elements interact.

Historically, the absence of illness or physical affliction was frequently used to characterise health. A healthy balance of the body's humours was intimately associated with good health in earlier civilizations like ancient Greece and Rome. These early ideas, however, frequently neglected social, emotional, and mental health due to a lack of a holistic concept of health. The biomedical approach, which emphasises the physical components of health and concentrates on identifying and treating illnesses, arose as medical knowledge increased (Rovesti, 2018 ). Disability has also been seen differently throughout cultures and time periods. Disabilities were frequently seen in the past as divine retribution or the result of moral transgressions. The rise of moral and theological justifications gave way to medical viewpoints that explained disability in terms of biology. This viewpoint gave rise to medical theories of disability that put the emphasis on impairments and treatments (Amzat, 2014). The definition of illness has changed as well. In the past, disease was thought to have supernatural origins, and rituals and occult practises were frequently used in healing procedures. The germ hypothesis gained popularity as medical research advanced and disease became more widely recognised in terms of microorganisms and biological processes. This biological viewpoint had a significant impact on how sickness was seen and treated (Adesina, et al., 2021).

Choose 1 condition and analyse the differences

To examine the variations in perceptions across time and in the present, let's use the condition of "autism" as an example.

Autism has always been misunderstood and underappreciated. It was falsely believed that "refrigerator mothers" cold, uncaring parenting were to blame for the disease in the early 20th century. This kind of view stigmatized parents and produced hurtful and useless remedies. Autism was primarily viewed from a medical perspective, emphasising weaknesses and trying to "normalise" people. Our knowledge of autism has significantly changed throughout time. It is understood to be a complicated neurodevelopmental syndrome with a variety of characteristics (Chen, et al., 2021). By moving away from a medical model and towards an understanding on neurological diversity, it is highlighted that autism is a normal variant of human neurology rather than a disease that has to be treated. Increased recognition and admiration for the talents and special skills of people on the spectrum have resulted from this transformation. By and large, mediations for autism frequently centred around apparent changes in conduct and regulation. These methodologies are expected to stifle autism ways of behaving and absorb people into standard society (Papoudi, et al., 2021). Today, there is a developing accentuation on individual-focused, proof-based treatments that help people's correspondence, social communication, and self-articulation, while regarding their independence. Cultural views of autism have additionally moved. Previously, people with chemical imbalances confronted rejection and segregation. These days, endeavours are being made to establish comprehensive conditions that oblige different necessities. Autism backing has prompted expanded mindfulness, instruction, and emotionally supportive networks, assisting with decreasing disgrace and advancing the social mix. The transition from a medical paradigm to a cognitive diversity viewpoint has changed how we interact and interact with people with autism, promoting a more empathetic and welcoming society (Reilly, et al., 2019).

Task 2: Discuss how to promote the participation and independence of users of health and social care services

How you can promote independence in service users

To improve the quality of life and overall wellbeing of consumers of health and social care services, involvement and independence must be encouraged. A key factor in directing these initiatives is legislation, which makes sure that people's rights and preferences are honoured. The Health and Social Care Act of 2012 and the Care Act of 2014 place a strong emphasis on the value of person-centred care, as well as independence and empowerment (Reddy, 2011). One organization that represents the advancement of autonomy for administration clients in the UK is "HomeCare Ltd." This imaginary organization has carried out a few systems to maintain the standards of support and freedom:

• Person-Centred Care Planning: HomeCare Ltd. centres around creating individualized care plans in a joint effort with administration clients. This includes surveying their requirements, inclinations, and objectives, empowering them to take part in choices about their consideration, and backing effectively.
• Support for Everyday Living: The organization offers a scope of administrations pointed toward keeping up with and improving help clients' freedom in their day-to-day routines. This incorporates help with individual consideration, family errands, and portability support, engaging people to live as independently as could be expected.
• Preparing and Strengthening: HomeCare Ltd. gives preparing and backing to both assistance clients and their families, guaranteeing they have the information and abilities to participate in their consideration effectively. This could include showing taking care of oneself methods or assisting families with grasping the accessible help choices.
• Open Data: The organization guarantees that data about administrations, freedoms, and qualifications is given in available configurations, taking special care of assorted correspondence needs. This enables administration clients to pursue informed choices and exercise their privileges.
• Advocacy and Representation: HomeCare Ltd. teams up with promotion associations to guarantee that assistance clients' voices are heard and their freedoms maintained. This could include helping people in exploring complicated medical services and social consideration frameworks (Mosadeghrad, 2014).

Mechanisms by which service users can be involved in developing services

In order to design solutions that specifically address their wants and preferences, service users must be included in the service creation process. Several elements encourage genuine interaction and cooperation between clients and service providers:

Task 3: Evaluate how the design and review of services promote and maximises the rights of users of health and social care services

Role of stakeholders in service design

Stakeholders are essential to the promotion and maximisation of users' rights in the design and evaluation of health and social care services. These people and organisations have a stake in the services and contribute different viewpoints that guarantee a comprehensive and balanced approach:

• Service Users: The most basic partners, administration clients, offer firsthand bits of knowledge about their necessities, inclinations, and encounters. Their dynamic inclusion guarantees that administrations are custom-made to meet their privileges and assumptions, advancing individual-focused care and strengthening.
• Families and Caregivers: These partners offer important points of view, particularly for people who might have correspondence boundaries or need extra help. Their feedback helps shape benefits that maintain the freedoms of weak populaces.
• Medical services Experts: Forefront laborers, including specialists, attendants, and advisors, contribute fundamental aptitude. Their experiences guarantee that administrations are clinically solid and lined up with best works on, protecting clients' wellbeing and prosperity.
• Advocacy Groups and NGOs: Groups that fight for certain social or medical situations offer invaluable knowledge, assist ensure that users' rights are upheld, and enable services tailor their offerings to their particular needs.
• Regulatory Bodies and Government Organisations: These parties are responsible for enforcing the laws, rules, and regulations that safeguard users' rights and guarantee high-quality services. Their participation ensures that services follow the law and moral principles.
• Community Representatives: Local community representatives provide information on the cultural, social, and economic aspects that might affect the efficacy and accessibility of services. Their participation aids in adjusting services to the particular requirements of the neighbourhood.
• Experts in technology and innovation: Technology now has a big impact on how services are delivered. The best ways to maximise user rights while utilising technical improvements are provided by experts in this industry (Smith, 2015).

How feedback from all stakeholders can be collected

To provide thorough insights and promote a user-centred approach, it is essential to get feedback from all stakeholders when designing and reviewing health and social care services. Several methods can successfully elicit opinions from various stakeholders:

Potential tensions in developing services with stakeholders for health and social care organisations

The National Health Service (NHS), which is situated in the UK, is an example of how developing services in health and social care organisations may lead to various difficulties when dealing with stakeholders. The intricate interaction between centralised government and local autonomy is one major source of stress. The NHS is a publicly financed healthcare system that is governed by national financing and policy. However, local governments and particular healthcare providers could want more freedom to customise services for their own populations. Conflicts over the distribution of resources, the priority of certain services, and the decision-making process may result from this tension between uniformity and localised personalization. Another notable conflict within the NHS is the distribution of resources. While healthcare professionals push for more financing to improve patient care and safety, governmental organisations and lawmakers could be constrained by limited resources. This could compromise the standard of care and the realisation of service users' rights by causing conflicts over the distribution of resources. Contrasting partner viewpoints on the job of innovation can likewise make strains. The fast progression of advanced well-being arrangements, for example, telemedicine and electronic well-being records, presents two valuable open doors and difficulties. While innovation lovers underline proficiency and worked on understanding results, others, including a few medical care experts and more established help clients, may have worries about information protection, access variations, and the expected loss of the human touch in care conveyance. Besides, the association of private sector entities in the arrangement of medical care administrations can ignite pressure. The NHS has progressively drawn in privately owned businesses to address limit issues and fulfil administration needs. Notwithstanding, this joint effort can set off banters about the likely impact of benefit thought processes on the conveyance of care, possibly sabotaging the centre's standards of fair and available medical services (Chen, et al., 2021).

References

• Adesina, M., Olufadewa, I. I., Oladele, R. & and Oduguwa, I., 2021. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND CLASSIFICATION OF DISABILITY, s.l.: University of Ibadan.
• Amzat, J., 2014. Health, Disease, and Illness as Conceptual Tools. Medical Sociology in Africa, p. 21–37..
• Chen, W.-J.et al., 2021. Perceptions of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Etiology among Parents of Children with ASD. Int J Environ Res Public Health. , 18(13), p. 6774.
• Mosadeghrad, A. M., 2014. Factors influencing healthcare service quality. Int J Health Policy Manag, 3(2), p. 77–89.
• Nese, R. N. T., 2020. Using stakeholder feedback to improve online professional development opportunities. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 52(2), pp. 148-162.
• Omeni, E., 2014. Service user involvement: impact and participation: a survey of service user and staff perspectives. BMC Health Serv Res., Volume 14.
• Papoudi, D., Jørgensen, C. R., Guldberg, K. & and Meadan, H., 2021. Perceptions, Experiences, and Needs of Parents of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Children with Autism: a Scoping Review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Volume 8, p. 195–212.
• Reddy, K. S., 2011. Towards achievement of universal health care in India by 2020: a call to action. Lancet., p. 760–768.
• Reilly, ,. O., Lester, J. N. & and Kiyimba, N., 2019. Autism in the Twentieth Century: An Evolution of a Controversial Condition. Healthy Minds in the Twentieth Century, p. 137–165.
• Rovesti, M., 2018 . Health and Illness in History, Science and Society. Open Access Maced J Med Sci., 6(1), p. 163–165.
• Smith, A. M., 2015. Evaluate the role of stakeholders in service design and review. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 5(1).