Health Promotion Principles, Policy And Practice Assignment Sample

Introduction: Overview Of Structure

• The majority of the population resides in a rural area in Uttar Pradesh.
• Evident reflects a lack of Oral health awareness leads to rural-urban disparities (Dutt et al., 2020).
• Surveys suggest a lack of oral health practice and awareness in Uttar Pradesh with 5.2% (Tyagi et al., 2022).
• Leads to “dental caries and periodontitis” among the majority of the population.
• Health promotion intervention required

S.N: Uttar Pradesh has an evident lacking Oral health awareness leading to rural-urban disparities. Surveys suggest an increase in “poor oral hygiene practice” leads to “dental caries and periodontitis” among the rural population. “Health promotion intervention” is required to promote “oral health awareness” among the population and increased “general health and well-being”.

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Aim And Objectives

• Oral health practice has been surveyed and revealed 77.9% are involved in brush and paste (Reddy et al., 2019).
• “10.2% use fingers”, “8.5% use Datum” and “3.3% use brush and Dantmanjan” (Kashyap et al., 2022).
• The aim is to introduce health promotion interventions to reduce health disparities and promote oral health awareness.
• The objective is to identify the policies introduced in promoting oral health practice.

S.N: Oral health practice has been identified in the survey. The aim is to introduce health promotion interventions to reduce health disparities and promote oral health awareness. The objective is to identify the policies introduced in promoting oral health practice.

Location And Policy

• Rural area of Uttar Pradesh in India.
• “National Oral Health Policy” (Pathekar et al., 2021).
• “National Oral Health Programme” (Bhagia et al., 2020).

S.N: Different policies have been introduced on promoting oral health awareness and practice. It includes the “National Oral Health Policy” that has been introduced from preventing oral diseases thereby promoting oral health. “National Oral Health Programme” is integrated by the government to improve oral health determinants, therefore encouraging the “Public Private Partnerships” (PPP) model.

Evidence Of Need And Demand Of Intervention

• Oral health promotion requires among all age groups of people
• Evidence suggested increased oral disease in a rural area of Uttar Pradesh which includes oral cancer, periodontitis and dental caries (Choudhary et al., 2023).
• Increase the overall burden of oral disease and other related problems (Satyarup et al., 2021).

S.N: Oral health index reflects that the Uttar Pradesh rural area has a fair knowledge of oral health. It leads to developing a “multiplicity of barriers” due to “low oral health literacy” and “poor oral health behaviours”.

Underpinning Approaches, Principles And Values

• Religious belief, socioeconomic status and lack of education is the leading factor of poor oral hygiene practices (Vikneshan et al., 2019).
• Evidence suggested on the basis of the state reflects a low association of Uttar Pradesh with oral hygiene practices (Haider et al., 2022).

S.N: The introduction of policies on promoting oral health awareness and knowledge of good hygiene practices by the government hinders individual moral value and principle that leads to preventing individual to adopt good oral practice and lack of education influences “poor oral hygiene practices”.

Contd…

• Consumption of tobacco damages the teeth layer (Singsi, 2020).
• Rural dwellers are more likely to have “untreated dental caries” (Kumar et al., 2019).
• Prevention, behavioural approach, education, empowerment and social changes are the approaches to promote oral health.

S.N: Tobacco consumption causes damage to the teeth layer which is high among rural dwellers as compared to the urban population. They are more likely to have “untreated dental caries”. Henceforth, several approaches have been identified which include prevention, behavioural approach, education, empowerment and social changes that promote oral health.

Health Promotion Intervention

• “Oral health promotion programmes” using “Behavioural theory-based interactive” intervention (Ahsan et al., 2020).
• Promotes oral health behaviour and knowledge, develops awareness and improves health status (Kaur, 2020).
• Able to ability to improve both clinical “oral health outcomes” and self-awareness within the community for “longer intervention duration”.

S.N: Development of “Oral health promotion programmes” helps in “dental health promotion” using “Behavioural theory-based interactive” intervention. It helps in promoting oral health behaviour, and knowledge, developing awareness and improving health status. It improves both clinical “oral health outcomes” and self-awareness within the community for a “longer intervention duration”.

Implementation Plan And Stakeholders Involved

Figure 1: Oral health promotion program design

(Source: Self-developed)

• Stakeholder includes Health Ministry, National Government, organizations, local governments, “primary healthcare settings”, communities, and “local stakeholders”.

Critical Reflection: Challenges & Strength

• High incidence observed in children's oral health issues
• Lack of education imposes challenges (Haider et al., 2022).
• Promoting awareness through behavioural-based theory helps in changing the individual perspective (Reddy et al., 2019).

S.N: According to the survey, 8 out of 10 suffer from major oral health issues. The primary reason is 63% of the parents are unaware of the oral health problems. This causes high incidence observed in children's oral health issues in which lack of education imposes challenges. Promoting awareness through behavioural-based theory helps in changing the individual perspective.

Critical Reflection: Limitation And Sustainability

• The limitation lies with the pitching for oral health education during the intervention (Kashyap et al., 2022).
• Sustainability includes preventing programmes and delivering curative service programs (Singsi, 2020).

S.N: Evaluation of the intervention which reflects on the action step that prominently enables the population to get well-quenched with preventing programmes and delivering curative service programs whereas the limitation is of pitching for oral health education during intervention.

Refrence List

• Ahsan, I., Menon, I., Gupta, R., Sharma, A., Das, D. and Ashraf, A., 2020. Comparison of oral health status among adult tobacco users and non-tobacco users of Ghaziabad District, Uttar Pradesh: A cross sectional study.Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care,9(2), p.1143.
• Bhagia, P., Menon, I., Singh, R.P., Gupta, R., Goyal, J. and Das, D., 2020. Effectiveness of various health education methods amongst primary healthcare workers of western Uttar Pradesh, Delhi (National Capital Region), India: A promotive intervention study.Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care,9(7), p.3555.
• Choudhary, A., Saha, S., Shivkumar, S., Kumar, S. and Singh, S.K., 2023. Prevalence of tobacco habits and oral health status of adolescents in Lucknow district: A cross-sectional descriptive study.Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry,21(1), p.66.
• Dutt, P., Chand, P., Singh, B.P., Jurel, S. and Mohit, M., 2020. Assessment of Oral Health Related Cultural Beliefs and Misconceptions Among Ethnic Group Female of Uttar Pradesh, India.
• Haider, T., Yousaf, Z., Khan, A.G. and Fatima, S., 2022. Awareness and practice of oral hygiene and its relation to socio-demographic factors among patients attending general OPD: Oral Hygiene & its Relation to Socio-Demographic Factors.Pakistan BioMedical Journal, pp.80-83.
• Kashyap, P., Reddy, L.V.K., Sinha, P., Verma, I. and Adwani, J., 2022. Effectiveness of game-based oral health education method on oral hygiene performance of 12-year-old private school children in Lucknow City: A field trial.Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry,20(1), p.43.
• Kaur, D.P., 2020. The Intersection of Dental Private and Public Health Practice in India-An Insight.
• Kumar, P., Batra, C., Mittal, N. and Batra-Corresponding, C., 2019. An Understanding Of Dental Public Health In India.
• Pathekar, J.M., Chabra, K.G., Madhu, P.P., Reche, A., Dadgal, K.V. and Tikar, N.N., 2021. Spiritual Dimension in Oral Health.Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, pp.447-53.
• Reddy, L.V.K., Verma, A. and Shankar, R., 2019. Assessment of oral health status and access barriers of patients reporting to a dental college in Lucknow.Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry,17(3), p.192.
• Satyarup, D., Dalai, R.P., Nagarajappa, R., Naik, D. and Mohanty, I., 2021. Effectiveness of trained health workers in improving the oral hygiene of preschool children.Roczniki Pa?stwowego Zak?adu Higieny,72(1), pp.77-82.
• Sharma, A., Jain, M. and Vigarniya, M., 2022. Parental knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding oral health of their children in nuh district of Haryana, India.Indian Journal of Dental Sciences,14(2), p.89.
• Singsit, V., 2020. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Oral Health among College Students in Mumbai.JIDA: Journal of Indian Dental Association,14(1).
• Subhash, A.V., Sangala, B.N., Kavle, P., Patil, C.L. and Agre, B.P., 2021. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of the Anganwadi Workers about the Oral Health in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation,32, p.3.
• Tyagi, M., Jain, N., Gupta, R., Gaur, V., Jain, A. and Tomer, A.K., 2022. Reason for Seeking Dental Care among Meerut Population–A Questionnaire-based Survey.
• Vikneshan, M., Preethi, P.M., Senthil, M. and Suganya, M., 2019. Oral Health Status of Children between Five Years and Eight Years of Age in Rural Areas of a District in India: A Cross-sectional Study.Dent,9(1), pp.2-5.