66015 Pages
3796 Words
Introduction Of Health and Depression Inequalities Among Women In Kerala
Critically Assess The Extent To Which Social Determinants Of Health Explain Health Inequalities In Relation To The Prevalence Of Depression Among Women In Kerala
Depositions are the mental experiences which make produce various mood disorders within daily lives. In third-world countries, low-income structures, and low infrastructures are directly related to creating depression in any human being. In this study, the major focus is on women of Kerala as well as the social factors which are related to depression. Apart from social determinations, social science perspectives are also evaluated in this study. In this section, influencing structures, and societal and individual levels are discussed.
In this social perspective, not only they're discussing their economic capabilities, also discuss their psychological stability and sociological contributions. At this point, the Covid-19 pandemic is directly related to the depression generation process within society. Social as well as cultural attributes are highly focused on policy and practice discussion. All types of social science literature and web data-based contributions are also discussed in this paper which helps to make this situation more relevant currently.
Struggling to find assignment help online in the UK? New Assignment Help has you covered! With our specialized assignment services in the UK, you'll breeze through your academic tasks effortlessly. And don't forget to download our assignment sample for reference.
Critical Evaluations on the relative contributions of social determinants of health inequalities about the prevalence of Depression among Women in Kerala
Social determinants of Health are based on non-medical factors which are used for influencing health outcomes. These basic systems are majorly attached to daily life conditions of the human body. As an example, it can be stated that safe houses are primary sources of social determinants of health which majorly attach to reducing racism, patient ‘discrimination, and violence. In the subject of health literacy systems, this factor is majorly used for reducing inequalities and making ideas on all types of medical opportunities (Nutbeam & Lloyd, 2021). Future health literacy intervention research is also can be based on these factors as well as it also makes focus on identifying all types of health information within any population group.
In the case of Kerala, socioeconomic determinants majorly play roles in investigating the health inequality in Kerala. At this current time, socioeconomic determinants are recognised as the most important object which increases risk factors for depression. These determinant factors are directly related to women's lifestyles and their way of living. According to nih, (2023a) highlighted on education roles, gender roles, and marital status are also directly related as social determinants for women in India. Health practices and all types of social policies are also based on this thesis on three social determinants in health systems. Social power and resources make evaluations of women's economic and social situations in society.
With help of contributing social determination process, the need to make focus on poverty reduction, establish equal access to health care processes, focused on more health education within society as well as reductions of racism are needed to try to control depression among women in Kerala. As a risk factors reduction health equality try to promote less anxiety and proper health management processes all over Kerala stares. At this current time, the Covid-19 pandemic is a major source of increased rates of depression among Kerala women, to identify the major reason for depression generations of home quarantine are the prominent reasons. This home quarantine process is directly related to socio-economic structures in their daily lives. In Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) these quarantine burdens are the basic reasons for depression generated in women. According to Kola (2021) highlights that Covid-19 pandemic and home quarantine are directly related to mental health systems.
In order to reduce the risk factors of depression in women of Kerala lower household incomes are the basic sources. In Covid-19 pandemic situations within social determinations needs to reshape occupations directions, education systems, as well as income structures. All types of health and safety processes also need to take care with positive points of view which can be helpful for stress management in women in Kerala. Private initiatives and Government collaborations are also helpful for taking initiatives of social norms, and racism within a society. In the Indian context, WHO states that the burden of depression is 50% higher for any woman in India as well as their average age starts from 31.9 years (nih, 2023 b). All types of poor social as well as economic circumstances need to change within a society's structures. High social knowledge and critical evaluation of all factors are trying to make relative influences for this prevention.
According to Statista, (2020 a) data, the number of women workers rates in Kerala regions are highly decreasing in nature from 2019. These unemployment rates are also directly related to increasing depression rates. Not in Kerala, all over India also faces major issues in unemployment rates. In 2020, this rate increases by 10.2% (Statista, 2023). However, women's rates of education are trying to reduce the negative impacts of depression. Along with poverty rates, are making effective contributions to reducing depression within local society. Improving health quality and decreasing inequality factors are also trying to make positive impacts on depression within the livelihood of women. Improving the health quality and infrastructure betterments make positive impacts on women's mortality rates and life expectancies, Increasing the quality of medical sciences also makes concentrations of mental health which also makes effects of improving life quality of women.
All over Kerala, societies' development strategies are mainly based on male-centric. All types of socio-economic developments are majorly performed with the help of their contributions. As per low-literacy rates, and unfavourable sex ratios it directly creates mental stress within a society. In this undistributed gender paradox, women, metal health are majorly made effects by social pressures. Mathew, (2019) stated that regional and social equity as well as higher education policy betterment can be possible by taking balances in society and gender. This gender equality process also tries to make balances on women's mental health systems in Kerala and other states. At this current time, all these issues can be reflected on social media. In other words, it can be stated that social media are majorly making the focus on reducing all social determinants at this current time. Social factors contributions such as castes, rules as well as all types of gender violence majorly work as a reason for mental illness. This social media also tries to reduce these factors by releasing those torture issues on women (Mohanan, M., & Shekhar, S. K. 2021). With help of these factors, it can be affected on developing their life expectancy in this society.
Apart from the violence, dowry systems are also known as most traditional issuers in Indian society. Due to poor socioeconomic structures women's social issues are increases as well as with help of social media this news is also highlighted in Indian society. In view of another point, social media helps reduce negative impacts on women's daily lives. At this current time, social competitiveness is also highly attached to the increased risk of mental illness. Social values, individual attitudes development, and opinion development are making contributions to improving daily lifestyles.
These social betterments process is directly related to creating mental stress within daily lives. Socioeconomic contributions, family structure roles and social developments of an individual are majorly related to mental stress production. According to social stress theory, human culture, its economic contributions, as well as geographic distances are related. Various psychological resources and stress and vulnerability processes are generated due to social status in society (CG, 2020). In this Covid-19 pandemic situation, human struggles, and medical struggles are created within a social space. In this situation, women labours of Kerala are facing major financial distress issues. This situation, the lack of education systems creates worsening situations in these states. All types of financial betterment are made major contributions to this situation of Kerala as well as it introducing strong social values in the society.
In the Indian state of Kerala, women have comparatively high status. However, depression and suicide rates are high, because, in this 22nd century, the infrastructure of the society is comparatively conservative. Most of the women of Kerala after married are not allowed to do anything besides leading a life with their husbands. Therefore, most of the women in Kerala do not live happily. Ironically Kerala is one of the developed countries literacy rate in this country is 87.86 % however the patriarchal value is deeply rooted in this society. Women are controlled by men and that is the significant reason, women are getting frustrated and diagnosed with depression. Though education has become the potential of women still tradition, culture and family have not been coming out from the patriarchal ideology. The suicide rate among women is twice the national average.
According to data from medical education husbands' alcoholism is account for 18% of suicide attempts and depression for 6% (Mohfw, 2023). Along with this failed marriage, separation violence against women is a key factor leading to depression. All this reason leads towards depression because compared to men women are more emotional and they connect with families more. The society of Kerala does not allow women to have their own life, women or Kerala are not liberal, their entire life is dedicated to their family. In Kerala, 85% of women are categorized as non-workers, which is another significant reason for depression.
For women of this kind of conservative society liberty comes with money however they are also restricted from financial independence. The Keralan society does not have a significant idea of women's empowerment, women do not have any decision-making power in their home. According to a family health survey, only 40% of women enjoy freedom in Kerala and 60% have access to money. Over 70% of cases of women's depression come from their marital life (mohfw.gov, 2023). Because of the patriarchal society, women do not get mental support from their maternal family. In addition, most of the family do not consider depression as a disease, they overlook or do not disclose this problem. Many women also do not share anything related to their mental problems which is the reason that leads towards suicide. Four models of mental health of human such as its biological, behavioural, cognitive, and psychodynamic situations are attach with suicidal tendencies. However mental health of people is specifically affected and directly attribute to where they work, live and the entire society.
Identify and critically evaluate the contribution of relevant social science perspectives to understanding the health inequalities of women in Kerala
In order to discuss social science perspectives in health structures societal as well as individual contributions have major roles. In individual health and well-being factors, interactive processes are based on social actions perspectives, in women of Kerala, their depression rates are directly related to their social position which is majorly constructed with their caste process. In their every action, their well-being and performances are reflected. A social scientific perspective on depression issues is considered an important objective.
Women's social-economic conditions are also affected with the help of their health inequality (Simpson, et al. 2021). Their education rates, public health policy, as well as all types of social determinants of health, mostly effects their health improvements. Social security policies are also based on improving the mental health process in society. Income inequality and security-increasing factors are trying to improve health inequalities. Their poverty rates, Caste related social exclusions, and high unemployment rates due to covid pandemic are building issues o their mental health. In cases of depression, communication performs an important role within a social space (Raghavan et al. 2023). Women who are suffering from depression in Kerala, majorly face gender differences and other biological differences in their society.
Apart from their economic conditions, their educational outcome is also reflected in their development process. According to Bracke et al. (2020) stated, this economic and educational outcome also creates gender inequality and gender gaps. All under economic conditions suffering women are different symptoms which are causes various symptoms. In Keralan local society manifestations of disempowerment, lack of social control as well as powerlessness are highly affected by this situation. In these gender-equal contexts-depressions majorly make effects on dominating economic balances in a society. Social security is also attached to this process as well as it also makes contributions for develop depression issues within social factors.
In cultural integrations in Kerala society, various perspectives are mainly useful for developing any situation. At this current time, social policies, power practices as well as power relations are used to making inequality. In Kerala society, social significance is based on engaging in social and political issues in Kerala. Human presences and their decisions making process are make performed in this present case scenario. Haberl et al. (2019) stated that within an aware society, sustainable development goals are making aim at various types of society's betterment and improving ecological situations. All members of the societies need to evaluate social and economic factors. This manifestation process majorly implements betterments of mental processes within society. All types of market trends, as well as social people contributions, are major effects for identity the social growth within society.
In this social science perspective, a huge contribution to society has existed patsy from economic contributions. This society's factors are majorly based on gender equality, government efforts, and social development initiatives. In internal Kerala society, gender differences gender perspectives, women's rights, their gender power equality are also major important in this factor. According to “Article 13 of the Indian Constitution” it makes concentrations on establishing human rights within a society. In this article, women's, contributions, their obstruction of male dominance, and all types of social exploitations are needed to protect by governments.
From a social science perspective, all women's economic conditions lack proper educations process and are contributing major focus. Their lack of knowledge about depression lack knowledge about their contributions are also effects by their process. Their health literacy rates, and mental stability rates are high make impacts their social process. Within this situation, it can be identified that women's psychical health is also attached to major growth in various mental problems. Not only depression, various suicidal tendencies, and mental distress management are also increased major issues.
Their socio-economic conditions also lack a mental counselling process are generates major issues in this current process. Women's health influences are also majorly made focused on the betterment of health includes in society. In diverse Kerala society, all working and non-working women and contributions in society are held to perform in their own manner. According to Setiawan, H., & Efendi, A. (2021), in this article societies' traditional behaviours and their working attributes are making betterment of their mental health. Their mental stability as well as their domestic environments are highly reflected in Kerala women's society positions.
Depression has become one of the common mental health problems in the human community. Depression is the most encountered mental health problem that affects the health of women almost 30% more than men (Archana et al. 2019). Depression is also high in widowed women. Because widowed women in Kerala are cornered and they are not given proper value. They do not have any respect or right to take decisions for their own lives. Rather than the cause of depression diagnosing depression in Kerala has become a significant issue. At the early stage most, people do not understand the symptoms of the disease and if they did society and families do not consider depression as an issue. Most of the time it gets overlooked. Most of the women or their family members believe that it is not adequate and that it can indicate failure or that something is wrong.
On the other hand, most people believe mental illness is not something people can openly admit. That is the reason depression most cases lead towards suicide. All these reasons can be understood with the help of disability theory, this social model elaborates on the fact that social participation has nothing do to with the abilities of the person, but the social constructs prohibit them to accept inclusion (Goodley et al. 2019). Therefore, this model helps to bring change in society and accommodate people with impairment. This theory helps to understand that any kind of illness must be treated and it's their right to get support from society. From this above discussion, it can be understood that women of Kerala are suffering from health inequalities as society does not consider depression as an illness.
Being a conservative society, they are not welcomed or supported like other state women. Desolate having a high rate of literacy the society does not promote liberalism for all. Women have a burden of depression and most of them are underreported (Indu et al. 2020). Women do not express emotional problems from anxiety this becomes depression and later it reaches toward suicide. However, from this discussion, it can understand this issue need to be taken by the government as it is crying big issue in society. The government should create some intervention programs targeting women this support can help women to come out of the problem.
Conclusion
This study can be concluded that, at this current time, the socioeconomic structure of a society is highly responsible for increased risk factors of depression among women of Kerala. As a primary source of social determinants of health is attached to reducing racism, patient ‘discrimination, and violence. All depression suffering women's education rates, public health policy, as well as all types of social determinants of health, mostly effects their health improvements. Their social security policies are also based on improving the mental health process in society.
In Kerala, the gender gap and the inequity process are majorly affected by creating mental issues. Gender-equal contexts-depressions majorly make effects on dominating economic balances in a society. However, at this current time, social media performance has a crucial role in the reduction of social issues. Poor socioeconomic structures and women's social issues are increasing risk factors for mental health stability. Social media try to make awareness for improving scenarios of Indian society.
References
- Archana, P. S., Das, S., Philip, S., Philip, R. R., Joseph, J., Punnoose, V. P., &Lalithambika, D. P. (2019). Prevalence of depression among middle aged women in the rural area of Kerala. Asian journal of psychiatry, 29, 154-159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2017.05.016
- Bracke, P., Delaruelle, K., Dereuddre, R., & Van de Velde, S. (2020). Depression in women and men, cumulative disadvantage and gender inequality in 29 European countries. Social Science & Medicine, 267, 113354. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113354
- CG, M., 2020. Covid-19 pandemic and its impact on labor force: A new model based on social stress theory and prospect theory. Manojkrishnan, CG and Aravind, M.(2020). Covid-19 Pandemic and its Impact on Labor Force: A New Model Based on Social Stress Theory and Prospect Theory. Scientific Papers of the University of Pardubice, Series D: Faculty of Economics and Administration, 28(3), pp.1-12. DOI: 10.46585/sp28031070
- Garje, B. S. (2020). An assessment of status of personal laws in indian constitution. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(5), 1617-1624. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscime
- Goodley, D., Lawthom, R., Liddiard, K., &Runswick-Cole, K. (2019). Provocations for critical disability studies. Disability & Society, 34(6), 972-997. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2019.1566889
- Haberl, H., Wiedenhofer, D., Pauliuk, S., Krausmann, F., Müller, D. B., & Fischer-Kowalski, M. (2019). Contributions of sociometabolic research to sustainability science. Nature Sustainability, 2(3), 173-184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0225-2
- Indu, P. S., Anilkumar, T. V., Vijayakumar, K., Kumar, K. A., Sarma, P. S., Remadevi, S., & Andrade, C. 2020 ,Depression in women: perceived burden, risk factors, barriers to treatment, and proposals for a Community-based Depression Intervention Programme (ComDIP). Risk Factors, Barriers to Treatment, and Proposals for a Community-Based Depression Intervention Programme (ComDIP). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-14-108
- Kola, L., Kohrt, B. A., Hanlon, C., Naslund, J. A., Sikander, S., Balaji, M., ... & Patel, V. (2021). COVID-19 mental health impact and responses in low-income and middle-income countries: reimagining global mental health. The Lancet Psychiatry, 8(6), 535-550. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00025-0
- KT, N. M., Karunakaran, L., &Punnoose, V. P. (2021). Proportion and risk factors of postnatal depression among women delivering in a government tertiary care hospital in Kerala, India. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 10(6), 2395-2403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30834/KJP.32.1.2019.178
- Mathew, A. (2019). Balancing social and regional equity: higher education policy trajectory in Kerala. Higher Education for the Future, 6(2), 207-225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2347631119857836
- Mohanan, M., & Shekhar, S. K. (2021). Social media and the dowry system in Kerala. Media Asia, 49(1), 88-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2021.1973325
- Mohfw, 2023, Medical Education Policy - IIhttps://main.mohfw.gov.in/medical-education
- mohfw.gov, 2023, National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5)https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/NFHS-5_Phase-II_0.pdf
- nih, (2023 a). Socioeconomic determinants of health inequalities among the older population in India: a decomposition analysis. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25349021/
- nih, (2023 b). Depression in women in Indian context. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4539868/
- Nutbeam, D., & Lloyd, J. E. (2021). Understanding and responding to health literacy as a social determinant of health. Annu Rev Public Health, 42(1), 159-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-102529
- Raghavan, R., Brown, B., Horne, F., Kumar, S., Parameswaran, U., Ali, A. B., ... & Banu, A. (2023). Stigma and mental health problems in an Indian context. Perceptions of people with mental disorders in urban, rural and tribal areas of Kerala. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 69(2), 362-369. DOI: 10.1177/00207640221091187
- Setiawan, H., & Efendi, A. (2021). Image of women in Novels by OkkyMadasary. International journal of linguistics, literature and culture, 7(1), 32-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v7n1.1115
- Simpson, J., Albani, V., Bell, Z., Bambra, C., & Brown, H. (2021). Effects of social security policy reforms on mental health and inequalities: a systematic review of observational studies in high-income countries. Social Science & Medicine, 272, 113717. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113717
- statista, (2023 a). Number of workers across Kerala from financial year 2012 to 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/888737/india-number-of-workers-kerala/
- statista, (2023 b). India: Unemployment rate from 1999 to 2022. https://www.statista.com/statistics/271330/unemployment-rate-in-india/