16 Pages
3886 Words
Introduction - Self-Management Strategies for Long-Term Conditions
Chronic disease is defined as a condition that lasts for more than a year and requires ongoing medical treatment. There are many different types of diseases from which a person can suffer, and some of them are long-term. Long-term diseases are diseases from which a person has suffered for a long period and has not been cured until now. Many different types of diseases affect a person and their well-being for more than a year. In such a case, the person suffers at both physical and mental levels, which affects their overall health. The reason underlying this fact is that when a person is suffering from a long-term disease, it creates a negative impact on their emotional and mental levels as well. There are different types of chronic diseases from which a person might suffer. These diseases include cancer, heart disease, asthma, arthritis, COPD, and many other different types of diseases.
This long-term physical condition affects the person's working efficiency to a great extent. This is particularly true because when a person suffers from any kind of disease for more than a year, it hurts their working capability. Then negative impact is created because when a patient is continuously suffering from the same disease, it makes them feel negative as they are not getting well. They have to deal with the same working pattern daily that is have to follow the same medication and other related procedures daily. This affects their mental level as well. The current case is based on a patient who is suffering from COPD, which is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This is a type of lung disease that causes breathing problems and restrictions in the airflow within the body. It is also known as chronic bronchitis or emphysema. In the present case, the patient has been suffering from COPD for almost 20 months. The current report will outline the fact that the long-term condition of the patient can be managed with the help of self-management (Powers et al., 2020). In addition to this, the application of person-centred holistic nursing care will be highlighted for the patient. Further, an analysis of self-management approaches will be made for long-term conditions. In addition to this, the different strategies for supporting patients will be examined. At last, the barrier to self-management will be listed.
Main Body
Application of Person-Centred Nursing Care
In this competitive environment, Shah et al. (2021) state that the patient must live well. This is about the fact that when people are living a healthy life, they will ensure that the work is done in a better manner. The person needs to stay fit and healthy so that they can meet all their working capabilities. The working capabilities include the pattern of working that the patient follows to attain their objective of living. This is very necessary for the person, as when they are fit, they will automatically be happy and will work in a better and more effective manner. Along with this, when the person is happy and fit, they will be in a position to manage their work effectively. Moreover, when the patient is living well, they will be in a better position to manage any health condition. In the present case, the person has been suffering from COPD for the past 20 months. This has negatively affected the person, as he has been suffering from the disease for a long time and no relief has been enjoyed by the patient. Thus, this hurts the mental and emotional health of the patient. Also, the quality of life of the patient is diminished when they suffer from long-term conditions. This is about the fact that for a long time, the person has been living the same life that is facing the disease, taking medicines, but no relief is provided to the patient. Hence, as a result of this, they are much more distracted by other activities.
This is particularly so because the person's condition was not good as he is suffering from disease and as a result of this, it affected their working life as well. When the person's health is not good, they will not like anything. In addition to this, the patient has been suffering from the disease for a long time, which makes them feel irritated and agitated. This is particularly true for the reason that they have to comply with the treatment and medication. This sometimes makes the person agitated again and again; they have to take the medicines and go for treatment, and as a result of this, the person is not well and feels bad. This affects the patient and negatively impacts their working condition and behaviour.
Hence, Palmer et al. (2020) argued that the focus must be on the self-management of the condition. This is particularly true for the reason that when the person is not in a good position, it will affect their efficiency and working capabilities. Self-management is defined as the ability of a person to regulate their behaviour so that they can manage themselves. When a person is suffering from any of the diseases, it is mandatory for them to self-manage so that some issues can be solved at their level only. When the same life is followed including the medication and treatment of disease, it affects the mental well-being of the person, and this can demotivate them to work in a better manner. Hence, as a result of this, the efficiency and working efficiency of the person are reduced. Also, they are not happy and do not feel good while working. Thus, for this, they must comply with self-management, as it will help the patient deal with the problem well. Moreover, when the self-management principles are complied with by the patient, it results in better work for the person. The self-management principle guides the patient to deal with every problem effectively and this will help them to try to live a better life. Also, this self-management principle helps the patient deal with all the issues in a better and more effective way so that their health can be managed easily.
Analysis of self-management approaches for LTC
For the management of health by the patient, it is necessary to comply with the self-management principles well. This is particularly necessary for the patient, as it will help them manage the issue at their level rather than taking help from others. A long-term condition is one in which the person has suffered from the disease for a long time. Thus, when the person complies with self-management principles, this will be helpful to them in managing their work well. Also, self-management includes participatory collaboration with the care providers as well. This is very necessary for the patient because when self-management is focused, it will assist the patient in improving their health in a better and more effective manner. For the application of self-management, both the patient and carers are responsible. This is about the fact that when self-management is focused, this improves the patient's working efficiency to a great extent. Thus, to improve self-management, it is the responsibility of nurses and carers to make the patient understand all the principles of self-management. This is very necessary for the patient to learn, as it will help them improve their work in a better and more effective way.
Further, for the promotion of self-management within the person suffering from COPD, they must be educated about treating the problem. This is very crucial for the person to learn self-management, as it will help them manage their work in a better and more effective way. This is particularly because of the reason that when the patients themselves will be having knowledge relating to disease and its treatment then they can properly take care of themselves. The first and foremost self-management practice that patients suffering from COPD must learn is to know about their own condition (Eccleston, 2020). This is particularly necessary because when a person knows their own conditions, they are in a better position to deal with them effectively. When the patient knows that they are suffering from COPD and the consequences of it, it will be easier for them to handle the situation. Hence, when the person knows their own condition, it is much more beneficial, and they are in a position to handle everything easily (El Khoury and et al., 2019).
In addition to this, another self-management practice that patients suffering from COPD can use is to follow the treatment plan as agreed by the health professionals. This is the most crucial step for the patient because when they follow the treatment plan decided by the healthcare practitioner, it will be easier for them to recover (World Health Organisation, 2020). For instance, if the health care professional has restricted some consumption of the eatables, the patient must not eat them. Hence, as a result of this, the patient will be in a good position to recover well. On the other hand, if the patient eats the things that are restricted, it will really impact the patient. For instance, the patient is allowed to eat good source of protein at least twice a day for coping with COPD. In case, he is not eating it then it will be affecting the health of the person. Hence, it is very necessary for the patients to effectively follow the care plan prepared by the health care professional so that they can easily get well.
Along with this, Reddel et al. et al. (2022) admitted that another strategy for self-management is to share the decision-making with the healthcare professional. This is particularly necessary because when the patients suffering from COPD communicate effectively and share their thoughts during the decision-making process, it will help the health care professional decide easily. There are many decisions that depend on the health of the patient and their mental and emotional stability. Thus, it is very necessary for the patient to effectively communicate with the healthcare professional so that effective decisions can be taken for their improvement. Hence, when the health care professional asks anything, the patient suffering from COPD must share all the facts (Umucu and Lee 2020). Along with this, it is very necessary that, in case the patient has some issues with the decisions taken, clear communication is necessary so that the healthcare professional can make mandatory changes within the decision taken.
Moreover, Umucu and Lee (2020) stated that another self-management approach that the patient can comply with is to monitor and manage the science and symptoms relating to the condition. There are many different symptoms that the patient might face during taking the treatment for COPD. Hence, it is the responsibility of the patient to effectively communicate these changes or symptoms to the health care professional. If any of the symptoms are missed by the patient, it can have a severe impact on their health. Thus, it is mandatory for the patients to effectively communicate each change in their health conditions to the health care professional. This is necessary so that the healthcare professional can make necessary changes within the patient's healthcare routine and the line of treatment (Zimmerman, Greenberg, and Weinstein, 2023). This communication will help the patient recover soon, and it will be beneficial for the health care professional as well, as they can select the appropriate line of treatment for them.
In addition to this, Riegel and Dickson (2021) argued that there are also many different aspects of self-management that can affect a person's health. The most common barrier to the patient's self-management is inadequate social support. This is a barrier because, at times, people suffering from any disease are discarded from society. Hence, as a result of this, they have less or no social support. When a patient is socially discarded, it will affect their mental and emotional state. Resultantly, the tendency to recover declines as the person becomes mentally and emotionally weak (Chudasama and et al., 2020). This barrier causes the person to not use the self-management approaches well. Hence, as a result of this, the health of the person is affected, and it takes time to recover. In addition to this, another barrier that can affect the self-management approach is low health literacy. Many times, the patient has low literacy relating to health aspects. Hence, as a result of this, they are not able to understand the self-management approaches and their application. Thus, in this case, it is problematic to motivate patients to use self-management approaches.
Evaluating strategies for support of people suffering from LTC
Hobart and Kneese (2020) stated that altered cognition is defined as a change within the mental state and function of the person that comes out of illness or some injury within the brain. In general, cognitive impairment or altered cognition is generally caused by medication side effects, a deficiency of any particular vitamin, or some infections. While suffering from COPD, the patient's mind might suffer from altered cognition as well (Wolf et al., 2020). This is due, in part, to the fact that COPD causes a decline in cognitive ability. As a result of this altered cognition, the patient may suffer. There are some strategies for supporting people with altered cognition, and they are as follows-
In accordance with the views of Heath, Sommerfield, and von Ungern-Sternberg (2020), the first strategy to deal with the altered cognition is to undertake the use of validated screening tools so that cognitive impairment can be identified. There are different tools that can be used for screening for cognitive impairment, which include the clock drawing test, the abbreviated mental test, and many other different tests. These tests will help the health care professional identify the level of cognitive impairment within the person and how it can be treated.
In addition to this, Liu et al. et al. (2020) argued that another strategy is to involve all the family members and carers in the care planning process. This is particularly necessary because when the family is involved, all the aspects can be discussed easily and clearly. In addition to this, the family members can ensure that all the treatment being given is beneficial for the patient, as they know what is good for the patient and what is not.
During the long-term condition, Holt et al. (2021) suggested that the altered cognition affected the person's health severely. This is particularly true because the mental health of the person is affected by the altered cognition, and due to long-term conditions, it affects the person negatively. Along with this, the impact of altered cognition on the health of the person is an increase in the loss of declarative memory (Seyedian, Nokhostin, and Malamir, 2019). Along with this, the person starts to forget the s and major issues and also lacks emotional stability. In addition to this, the person loses control over their actions, which can affect them physically and mentally.
For supporting the person suffering from an altered combination, de Boer et al. (2020) suggested that they follow a healthy diet along with some social activity. In addition to this, some physical activities can be suggested to them to motivate them to pursue their hobbies. In addition to this, some intellectual simulation can be provided to them so that the brain works actively and they can recover from the altered cognition (Boersma, Black, and Ward, 2020). The altered cognition will affect the person's ability to manage themselves. This is particularly so because, with altered cognition, the mental level of a person will decline, and as a result, they will not be in a position to manage themselves.
Application of different principles
Bielicki et al. et al. (2020) stated that when the person is suffering from a severe disease, it is very necessary that informed consent is taken during the decision-making capacity. This is particularly true because, in many situations, the patient is not in a position to make the decision. Hence, an informed decision must be taken by the person with the required authority. In the case of a person suffering from COPD, informed consent is very necessary. COPD is a long-term condition that takes time to recover from (Cohen, Vase, and Hooten, 2021). Thus, it is the responsibility of the healthcare practitioner to obtain informed consent from the patient before providing any treatment. Within the decision-making process as well, informed consent is required of the patient.
In the views of Lopez-Leon et al. (2021), the major barriers to self-managing the long-term condition include consent, altered cognition, and the capacity to make decisions. These are the major barriers that prevent people from self-managing them. For instance, when the person is not in a position to make the decision, it will affect their self-management. Along with this, when a patient is suffering from altered cognition, they will face some problems relating to the brain and are not in a position to make effective decisions (Living well, ageing well, and tackling premature mortality, 2023). Furthermore, when consent is not provided by the patient, it can affect the treatment as well. Hence, all these barriers affect the patient's self-management. It is very necessary to overcome these barriers, and for this, the major step is to train the patient well. This is particularly necessary because when proper training is provided to the patient, they will be in a position to heal themselves, which will help them recover quickly.
Conclusion
In the end, it is concluded that chronic diseases are issues that last for a period of more than one year and require continuous medication. In the present case, the person was suffering from COPD, which is a long-term condition. The discussion outlined details relating to self-management that are very essential for the patient's treatment. Further, guidance is provided by the healthcare practitioner, but the patient has to work on themselves in order to improve their condition. This is particularly because of the reason that patient has to self-manage themselves then only they will be in position to cope with COPD. It was also seen that altered cognition can be a long-term condition. Hence, it is very necessary to manage this, and self-management approaches are used. These self-management approaches include following the treatment plan, communicating well with the health care practitioner, and many others.
References
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