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1856 Words
Introduction - Managing Dementia in the Elderly: Effective Care and Treatments
This case study has mentioned Case Study 3: Dementia as Mrs Jones who is 72, a retired and widowed woman. Moreover, this case also discussed the healthy condition of Mrs jones as she is a healthy lady without having any major health issues. However, Mrs Jones is facing problems with forgetfulness and confusion. Hence, when her family approached the GP and told her the problems GP suspected that Mrs Jones was facing problems with Dementia. Moreover, to examine her condition, the GP has taken blood and Urinalysis tests. The test suggested that Mrs Jones had 18 respiration per minute and a blood pressure of 145/88. Moreover, Mrs. Jones' urine report suggested that Mrs. Jones has Leukocytes, protein+, blood trace, and positive Nitrites.
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Pathophysiology
Mrs Jones is facing problems with Dementia as Jones is forgetting things and feeling confused. In recent accidents such as Mrs. Jones is stringing a lot of milk and also she has forgotten to put sugar on her son's birthday cakes. In addition, after her daughter-in- law has visited Mrs Jones' house and found the hob of Gas is on. Besides that Mrs Jones fell while collecting fruits from the greenhouse and was admitted to hospital. Moreover, when Mrs Jones woke up in the hospital in the morning she was shouting and confused. Hence Mrs jones is facing problems with forgetfulness and confusion as she is facing Dementia. As shown by Who.int (2023), patients with Dementia face feelings of sadness, anger and memory loss, changes in personality, and inappropriate behavior. Moreover, there are major risks that are associated with dementia that can hamper the overall health of Mrs jones. Along with that disease of Alzheimer's is one of the major risks associated with dementia. As per the view of Who.int (2023), in the case of dementia over 60-70% of patients faced problems with Alzheimer's after Dementia. On that account, Dementia, directly and indirectly, causes major diseases in Mrs Jones and can deteriorate her overall condition.
Holistic assessment and immediate actions
Dementia is one of the common diseases in the UK as many people in the UK have faced this disease that has impacted their health condition of the UK. As per the view of Nhs.uk (2023), In the UK Over 944,000 people are facing Dementia. Along with that 1 out of 11 people over the age of 65 have faced Dementia problems in the UK (Nhs.uk, 2023). Hence for old age people dementia is a pretty common disease in the UK.
As depicted by Dementiastatistics.org (2023), in the UK over 1.5 million people are expected to face problems with dementia by 2050. On that account providing better care is necessary for Mrs Jones to enhance their medical condition as it can lead to more severe problems for Mrs Jones. Therefore providing a better treatment care process is vital for Jones to mitigate major future risks. Thus to enhance the condition of Mrs jones talking therapy can play a critical role.
As depicted by Medicalnewstoday.com (2023), talk therapy helps to reduce depression and anxiety by 63% in the case of dementia. Along with talk therapy Mrs Jones needs to take ROT( Reality Orientation Training) to improve her condition. As shown by Medicalnewstoday.com (2023), ROT helps dementia patients to discuss current, dates, time, events, memories, and their daily routine and personal items. In addition, Nurse Mrs Jones also needs to provide CST( Cognitive Stimulation Therapy) to control dementia. As opined by Medicalnewstoday.com (2023), CST helps to improve the memory, problem-solving, and communication abilities of Dementia patients. Moreover, family members of Jones need to play physical, word, team, and Puzzle games for better personal care.
Along with that hospital also needs to provide better medicines to control dementia and Alzheimer's of Mrs Jones. As discussed by Nhs.uk (2023a), Donepeliz Exelon and Galantamine play critical roles in controlling Alzheimer's and Dementia. Hence hospitals need to use Donepezil medicine to control severe Alzheimer's disease. On that account, Jones needs to provide better treatment processes and therapy is improve the condition. As Jones is in the initial stage of Dementia as per her record Jones's Pulse is 92 beats per minute which is normal and Jones's Respiration breath rate per minute is 18 which is also regular. Moreover, the temperature of Jones is 37.8 with 145/88 blood pressure which is normal.
As depicted by Hipp (2022), the target heart rate of over 70 years people is 75-128. Hence Jones needs better CST and ROT and the best medicine for dementia to control the level of Dementia. However, Jones has positive Nitrites that can impact her overall medical condition. As shown by Medicalnewstoday.com (2018), positive Nitrites can cause blood in urine, foul-smelling and painful urination. Hence to control the impact of Nitrites Jones needs to take plenty of water and antibiotics. As opined by Medicalnewstoday.com (2018), antibiotics are the first treatment process for positive Nitrites.
Person-centered care plan
Mrs jones is suffering from Dementia problems that have impacted her sense of thinking properly and also impacted her overall mental state. Thus Jones needs to provide better nursing care to enhance overall condition as Dementia can lead to a severe case of Alzheimer's. As stated by Kumar et al. (2021), Nurses can play an important role in educating patients and their families in better medication. Along with that nursing also helps with lifestyle changes and the daily performance of patients (Kumar et al., 2021). Thus Nursing can play a vital role in providing better education to both Mrs. Jones and her family and also can help Jones to change Jones's lifestyle for better progress. In addition, Nursing could also help Jones to develop cholinesterase inhibitors with the help of acetylcholine. According to Kumar et al. (2021), cholinesterase inhibitors with the help of chemicals develop nerve cell communication that helps in learning, communication, cognitive functions, and memory development.
Besides that Nursing also could help Jones to provide diverse mind, puzzle, and physical games that help reduce the impact of Dementia. Moreover, practice nurses also could help Jones to provide better self-support that is helpful to enhance their medical condition. As analyzed by Gibson and Goeman (2020), practiced nurses are well-trained and positioned to provide better information on dementia and support to patients with dementia. On that account, the role of nursing is important to enhance Mrs jones. A Nurse can help to provide better physical and mental care to Mrs Jones which can play a pivotal role in developing conditions. Besides that nursing can also help to provide better self-care plans to Jones which is important for a patient with Dementia. Along with Nursing SLT ( Speech and Language therapist) can also help Jones develop her cognitive thinking could reduce the impact of Dementia.
As opined by Slt.co.uk (2020), SLT provides help in language, communication memory eating and drinking, and guidelines for swallowing. The SLPs help patients to work through sorrows and grief with help collaboratively and also play a critical role in cognitive goals of cognitive that reduce suffering and enhance strength, function safety, and relevant living (Lanzi and Ellison 2021). Thus SLP can be helpful for Mrs Jones in person-centred communication that can help to enhance her critical thinking and can also play a vital for reducing forgetfulness confusion and memory loss. On that account, Nurses have included every area of care such as physical, biological, social, and psychological. Nurses have for physical improvement, provide physical games, and also provide important medicines to control the impact of Dementia such as Donepeliz. Along with also asking the Jones family to play games such as puzzles and team games to develop their thinking process. Besides that also added SLT in Jones' treatment process to develop her cognitive thinking to mitigate the impacts of Dementia on her mind and body.
Conclusion
This case study has shown that Mrs. Jones used to live independently and shop alone even though she has two married sons. However, in recent times Mrs jones has been facing forgetfulness and confusion that caused worry in her family. Along with that this case study also examined the impact of Dementia in the life of Mrs Jones. However, this study has discussed diverse methods that could help Mrs Jones to develop her health situation. Moreover, this study has also discussed the role of Nursing in reducing the impact of dementia. Besides that, this paper has also analyzed the importance of cognitive thinking and communication to develop critical thinking in patients to reduce the impact of confusion in patients. Along with that this case study also examined the role of SLT in developing the communication process of a patient who is suffering from Dementia. At last, this paper also discussed important medicine that helps to reduce the chances of Alzheimer's that occurs in dementia patients.
References
- Dementiastatistics.org (2023). Prevalence and incidence. [online] Dementia Statistics Hub. Available at: https://dementiastatistics.org/about-dementia/prevalence-and-incidence/ [Accessed 10 Nov. 2023].
- Gibson, C., Goeman, D. and Pond, D. (2020). What is the role of the practice nurse in the care of people living with dementia, or cognitive impairment, and their support person(s)?: a systematic review. BMC Family Practice, [online] 21(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-020-01177-y.
- Hipp, D. (2022). Normal Heart Rate By Age. [online] Forbes Health. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/health/healthy-aging/normal-heart-rate-by-age/ [Accessed 10 Nov. 2023].
- Kumar, A., Sidhu, J., Goyal, A., Tsao, J.W. and Svercauski, J. (2021). Alzheimer Disease (Nursing). [online] PubMed. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568805/ [Accessed 10 Nov. 2023].
- Lanzi, A.M., Ellison, J.M. and Cohen, M.L. (2021). The ‘Counseling+’ Roles of the Speech-Language Pathologist Serving Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia From Alzheimer’s Disease. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, [online] 6(5), pp.1–16. doi:https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_persp-20-00295.
- Medicalnewstoday.com (2018). Nitrites in urine: Causes and tests. [online] www.medicalnewstoday.com. Available at: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321364#tests [Accessed 10 Nov. 2023].
- Medicalnewstoday.com (2023). Therapy for dementia: Types, benefits, and more. [online] www.medicalnewstoday.com. Available at: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/dementia-therapies [Accessed 10 Nov. 2023].
- Nhs.uk (2023a). What are the treatments for dementia? [online] nhs.uk. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dementia/about-dementia/treatment/#:~:text=Donepezil%20(also%20known%20as%20Aricept [Accessed 10 Nov. 2023].
- Nhs.uk (2023b). What is dementia. [online] nhs.uk. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dementia/about-dementia/what-is-dementia/ [Accessed 10 Nov. 2023].
- Slt.co.uk (2020). Dementia | SLT | Expert providers of speech and language therapy throughout the UK. [online] www.slt.co.uk. Available at: https://www.slt.co.uk/conditions/neurological-problems/dementia/#:~:text=How%20does%20speech%20and%20language [Accessed 10 Nov. 2023].
- Who.int (2023). Dementia. [online] World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia [Accessed 10 Nov. 2023].
