Anatomy and Physiology: Exploring Body Systems and Functions Assignment Sample

From Organelles to Exercise: Analyzing Human Body Systems

Task 1 (AC1.1): Timed in-class Assessment (90 Minutes)

In this closed-book test, learners will define their organelle function and structure knowledge within human eukaryotic cells. The focus is mainly on assessing an in-depth understanding of the aspect of structural features of organelles relevant to particular functions. Cellulars Key components are the endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome mitochondria new players and Golgi apparatus.

Figure: Eukaryotic cells part

All of the organ particles have a specific type of structure present in the modern human cell, the Eukaryotic cell. Its specific function controls the overall body's function. The brain of a cell, which is a nucleus, which is made up of genetic material controls the overall activity of the cell. Mitochondria, which season important cell organisms, is known as the powerhouse of the cell, which generates energy that is adenosine triphosphate that gives the power to other particles to control normal body function (Szymczyk-Zió?kowska et al., 2020). The ER helps with the synthesizing of protein and also the metabolism of lipids. The Golgi body helps to transport protein. Lysosome is known as a suicidal bag due to its activity of blasting. When lysosomes burst, some digestive enzymes are released, which digest the cell as a result,t the cell becomes ineffective (S Mogre, Brown and Koslover, 2020). The plasma membrane and protein lipid-protein layer help to exchange materials to maintain a healthy body condition with a proper basal metabolic rate.

Task 2 (AC2.1)

a) Using the template below, complete a table identifying and explaining the key (most important) function of the body systems, and two additional important functions.

b) Write a detailed explanation of how the structure of each system relates to your choice of key function.

Skeletal system

It mainly helps in protection and supplying support for the cell. It helps in creating a barrier to collapse and ensure body shape. The bone structure poses a rigid composition and it helps in optimizing comprehensive forces (Masters et al., 2022). Along with that, it also helps in function protection that is achieved by skeletal cavities and the enclosement of vital organs, which helps in protecting them from external influence.

Muscular system:

It mainly functions for body movement. It helps provide the muscle structure through contract-style fibre that acts as a force-generating system and can be shortened. This acts as an anatomical identification that helps move the muscular system. The skeletal muscle connected with bone through tendon functions to extend and flex in a pair per meeting for body motion such as hand activity to walking (Reese, 2020). The muscle cell structure is composed of mechanical functions within functional units.

Circulatory system

It mainly acts as a blood transportation system including blood, blood vessels and the heart. Its mill is structured to systematically promote substance transportation throughout the human body. The muscle chamber of the heart rhythmically contracts, which helps to pour blood through the veins and the artery system in the body. The composition of blood is haemoglobin, white blood cells and red blood cells (Gaynullina, Schubert and Tarasova, 2019). In that red blood cells transport oxygen as well as plasma from cell to cell and function as a nutrient carriage providing proper vascular structure and maintaining seamless circulation.

Respiratory system

The respiratory system is structured for the exchange of gasses from the lungs to the whole body. It consists of multiple branching veins and alveoli with small air sacs that supply oxygen diffusion to the largest surface area within the blood system and remove carbon dioxide from the bloodstream. The respiratory branching structure looks like a tree that helps to maintain airflow and gas exchange optimization within the individual breath.

Nervous system

It is mainly structured through a synapse and neuron permit for electrical signal transmission. The neuron is structured as an elongated cell including extensions. It consists of dendrites and axons (Wu et al., 2020). Dendrites help in signal reception, while axons help in signal transmission.

Task 3 (AC3.1)

The 10k run was attempted by Mr Patel within 60 minutes within the last 6 months that incorporated a coordinated initiative from multiple psychological systems. This is the action that includes multiple systems such as the nervous, respiratory circulatory, skeletal and muscular that becomes essential for optimizing his compensating initiative and performance for the 7k mark delayed pace.

The nervous system

It mainly helps in body function regulation by coordinating with each other, including the construction of the muscles (Wu et al., 2020). The nervous system of Mr Patel gains significant input from joints and body muscles for the recruitment of muscle and coordination adjustment to ensure significant running. The signal that is transmitted through the nervous system increases the recruitment of motor units by reviewing muscle contractions.

Respiratory system

The respiratory system mainly functions as an exchange of gasses while maintaining cellular respiration and helping to supply oxygen throughout the body. They help to bring in oxygen, which is called inhalation and remove carbon dioxide, which is called expiration. It is mainly structured as an organ network and multiple tissues that help to breathe. In the case of Mr Patel, her breathing rate demanded a large range of oxygen to meet proper respiration. His Ventilation enhancement permits him to take sufficient oxygen while boosting the optimal production of aerobic energy that is crucial for maintaining endurance.

Muscular system

The system helps in force production for body movement and supports the structure of the body while maintaining posture (Nelke et al., 2019). In the case of Mr Patel the muscle system mainly the legs engaged with the activity of running. To recompense the slowing down, Mr Patel has to focus on their muscle construction more forcefully by optimizing frequency and the length of stride.

Circulatory system

This system mainly functions as a nutrient carriage and oxygen-transporting system. However, it also helps in removing waste from the body. In the case of Mr. Patel, running activity enhances his heart rate which needs significant blood circulation by supplying additional oxygen to maintain muscle activation (Gaynullina, Schubert and Tarasova, 2019). Blood vessels in large blood flow are directly connected with maintaining blood circulation in the area where it is most required. It also helps in supplying significant nutrients by removing metabolic by-products that are not required for the body.

Skeletal system

This system functions as a structure for providing proper support to the body and maintaining body movement (Xu et al. 2022).

In the case of Mr. Patel the skeletal system that is incorporated with the running activity are ligaments, joints and bones. Collaboratively, they help to run repetitive influences. The skeletal structure of Mr Patel maintains his running posture as well as the body posture permitting him to move her limb while absorbing injury shock that is created from running.

Adaptation and integration

After Mr Patel's realization about her delight in running at the 7k mark his signal of the nervous system required proper adjustment. The skeletal system that is connected with the muscular system needs significant action for sufficient economical and powerful movement that helps to reach its 7k mark. Additionally, the circulatory system has to respond faster to help enhance cardiac output by enhancing blood flow within the muscle system. The respiratory system is also connected with the blood flow as the blood flow transmits oxygen from cell to cell that is taken in by the body to enhance metabolic activity.

This orchestrated reaction needs a smooth connection between different organelle systems. The nervous system has a significant role in maintaining body movement patterns and muscle contraction by providing proper feedback to the body for adjustment. This collaboration also maintains sufficient resources for energy that can be significantly used to safeguard against premature fatigue. Additionally, his circulatory system increases the support of the function by supplying sufficient oxygen for maintaining tissue activation and safeguarding the deficiency of oxygen. The significant oxygen is taken in by the respiratory system, while carbon dioxide is removed from the body to maintain the aerobic system (Nelke et al., 2019). Overall Mr. Patel's combined action of the overall systems, including circulatory, skeletal, respiratory, and nervous systems function harmoniously to regain his strength and recalibrate performance. This collaboration function of the systems permitted him to confiscate the delayed timeline by using energy proficiently and achieving the 10k run objective within a 60-minute timeline.

Task 4 (AC4.1)

Title: Physical activity influences body systems

Introduction

Physical activity's impact on the human body is acknowledged and all aspect of understanding needs significant scientific philosophy exploration that helps to promote the human body's psychological responses. Physical activity combines multiple systems, such as respiratory, muscular, nervous, skeletal and circulatory systems, that collaboratively work to ensure homeostasis and maintain the body structure in a balanced way. Individually these systems have tough connections that are essential to sustain the demands imposed by action by producing rapid responses through coordinated activity to multiple challenges generated by multiple physical activities. Joints and bones collaboratively establish a skeletal system that helps in body movement by supplying body structures. On the other hand, musculoskeletal systems generate forces to maintain movement and stability. The circulatory and respiratory systems are interconnected. The circulatory system aids in the conveyance of multiple nutrients from cell to cell and maintains oxygen to maintain metabolic processes, while the respiratory system maintains the body's carbon dioxide and oxygen levels and produces energy that helps sustain activity. The nervous system transmits multiple signals through neurons that coordinate the body's muscle contractions and maintain the heart rate.

Physical activities such as walking, running, cycling and many more include this system interaction in a significant method. The activity consists of muscle construction, oxygen consumption and heart rate that act as psychological characteristics demonstrating the human body's dynamic adaptability to distinct activity modalities. This exploration focuses on discovering this system interaction complication by highlighting its relationship with observed variation and scientific principles.

Method

The investigation focuses on exploring different physical activities such as cycling, running with lifting and many more. This activity incorporates multiple systems such as the nervous system, respiratory system, circulatory system, muscular system and skeletal system (Nieman and Wentz, 2019). To maintain meticulous experimental process details with safeguarding precaution and reproducibility we have been adhering here.

Here, a survey has been conducted with 20 adults in which 10 participants are male and 10 participants are female, ages between 20 to 30 years old. The survey was conducted by maintaining the confidentiality of the participants by following the Data Privacy Act, GDPR Act 2018 and Data Security Act. The surface is also maintained by informed consent in that participants were examined through medical check-ups to understand their existing medical conditions that can influence the survey results. Individual participants take part in three particular sessions in which they pose one physical activity such as cycling on a stationary bike, weightlifting through a resistance machine and treadmill for running. All participants were engaged in a running activity for 30 minutes, and their report was recorded. Weight lifting has been conducted through 45-minute sessions and cycling also takes 45 minutes.

After that, their heart rate was recorded using heart rate monitors and the respiratory gas evaluation was conducted for oxygen consumption (Angulo et al., 2020). Electromyography has been used to record muscle construction, and a sphygmomanometer has been used to record blood pressure. Before the activity was conducted, participants were properly woken up, and in case there was any type of uncertainty event that occurred, then the emergency mechanism for closing the exercise was done (Drouin et al., 2022). Activity has been done under supervision in that all used equipment is properly calibrated.

To record all the activity data, a labelled diagram has been used that demonstrates each activity's experimental setup including safety features and monetary device placement. Psychological parameter concentration, including oxygen consumption, muscle rate construction and heart rate has been quantified during the activity and after the activity (Slaton, Hernandez and Akhavian, 2020). The measurement range has been selected for particular variables with activity type differences considering exercise duration. Materials include multiple exercise or activity equipment and heart rate monitoring devices that are properly standardized throughout the activity.

Result

Table 1: Running physiological responses

Table 2: Weightlifting physiological responses

Table 3: Cycling physiological responses

Calculations:

Heart rate: average heart rate = (HR value sum/ participants number)

Oxygen consumptions:

Average oxygen consumption = (Oxygen consumption's total value/ participants number)

Muscle contractions:

Average muscle contraction = (total of muscle contraction value/ participants number)

The result demonstrated different psychological responses to cycling, weightlifting and running. This section will focus on discussion and finding interpretations.

Discussion

The observed finding connected with the expectation of risk supplies valuable information about the connection between real-world activity scenarios and scientific theories.

In the aspect of heart rate running included the highest heart rate of average 152.5 BPM while encycling and waveleting it is 135 and 145 BPM respectively. This pattern is connected with the Cartier vascular activity required and associated with individual activity. The cardiovascular system provides quick responses to activity by enhancing the heart rate to supply sufficient oxygen to maintain muscle action and advocate aerobic production of energy (Friel, 2020). This connection poses an enhanced oxygen requirement principle during physical activity.

Oxygen consumption

In the case of oxygen consumption in running, oxygen consumption's highest average is 22.5 ml/min; in cycling, it is 24.5 and in weightlifting, it is 20.5. This pattern defines aerobic requirement deferring in individual activity. The consumption of oxygen demonstrates the body's capability to use the oxygen for the production of energy. As aerobic activity running requires sufficient oxygen in comparison to weight lifting that incorporates limited anaerobic activities (Megan Grimsley PhD and Susan Kazen MS, 2021).

Muscle contraction

Muscle contraction in weightlifting is 9.5 mV, encycling 10.5 and in running 11 mV. That demonstrated the highest muscle contraction in running which represents muscular interaction differences during individual activity. The highest electromyographic activity expectation connected with muscle contraction in weightlifting while running required significant muscle contraction for the movement of the limb (Diamant et al. 2021).

Overall relationship

The running activity is marked by rhythmic and continuous movement of muscle demonstrating the highest oxygen demand and cardiovascular activity showcasing aerobic nature. On the other hand, wait lifting incorporates high-intensity activity that defines significant muscle construction, highlighting an anaerobic nature. The cycling activity acts as an intermediate action showcasing equilibrium psychological responses within oxygen consumption, heart rate and muscle contraction (Santarém et al., 2023).

Contradiction

The result connected with significant expectations that demonstrate the required running demand for aerobic and cardiovascular capability maximization depends on anaerobic activity. Running poses slightly higher muscle construction in comparison to cycling.

Implications

The finding highlights tailoring exercise significance considering particular fitness objectives and the psychological demand of distinct activities. The response variability required personalized activity prescription understanding that all approaches do not properly meet the physical needs of individuals.

Evaluation

The significant execution of the method demonstrated errors in sources including participant effort variation impacting the psychological responses of participants. To minimize this challenge, it is needed to maintain sticker arrangement to regular monitoring of compliance and standardize protocol. The experiment in further aspects needs to increase reliability by incorporating additional different and larger participant segments focusing on the possible demographic impact on psychological responses (Kramer, 2020). Along with that external factor management such as pre-experiment nutrition and circumference conditions need to be refined by designing in an experimental way that maintains additionally accurate psychological effect representation of different physical activities.

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